Chain

Alfonso X of Castile, The Wise, «The Seven-Part Code», its estimated completion year is 1265.

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This is the copy I can consult, as it is available in the Hispanic Digital Library, it is a manuscript measuring 42 by 30 centimeters that once belonged to Álvaro de Zúñiga y Guzmán, first Duke of Arévalo, which later came into the possession of the Catholic Monarchs, initially Queen Isabella I of Castile, and after her death, King Ferdinand reclaimed it for the price of 5,251 maravedis. The original is housed in the National Library, in display case 4/6.

This copy, in addition to its numerous capital letters, has 8 illustrated pages, which according to its subsequent hand-numbering in pencil are:

• Page 6, among its illustrations can be seen 2 coats of arms of the Zúñiga family «Argent, a bend Sable, over all, a chain in orle Or», in this case formed by 16 links, 8 round and 8 more elongated placed in profile.
• Pages 106 and 191, on the latter can be seen a curious bishop-lizard climbing.
• Pages 294 and 331, on the 2^nd at the bottom, a maiden is seen walking a monkey to relieve itself and to her right a fight of men with beast bodies.
• Page 379 and on its previous unnumbered page, and finally, on page 415 which begins with a tournament where the 2^nd knight bears the ancient arms of France «Azure, semy of fleurs de lis Or».

The coat of arms that illustrates this bibliographic reference is that of Álvaro de Zúñiga y Guzmán. For the creation of his chain, I followed the illustration of his 2 coats of arms on the already mentioned page 6 of this manuscript.

It is one of my favorite manuscripts and, perhaps, the one with which I have created the most things.

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Bibliographical reference of century XIII.

Classification: Castilian language, Manuscript and In color.

The author is Alfonso X of Castile.

Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:

• Zúñiga y Guzmán, Álvaro de

External links:

• National Library of Spain.
• Indirect access to the Library of Congress of the United States of America.
• Direct access to the Library of Congress of the United States of America.

Internal resources: AlfonsoXDeCastilla1265.7Partidas.10642.pdf.

Lord of Zúñiga and Mendavia and of Béjar and Bañares and of Gibraleón, 1^st Duke of Arévalo, 1^st Duke of Plasencia, 1^st Count of Bañares, 1^st Duke of Béjar, 2^nd Count of Plasencia, and Grandee of Castile.

Argent, a bend Sable; overall a chain orlewise Or.

Escudo de plata, una banda de sable; brochante sobre el todo una cadena puesta en orla de oro.

Personal coat of arms interpreted by me as follows: the shield has a semicircular (round) base; both the field and the bend have been illuminated in flat tinctures Argent and Sable; the links of the chain are enameled and illuminated in Or; and the whole is made of beaten metal.

In [Argote de Molina, G.; 1588; page 94 according to the numbering of the book, or page 93 according to the numbering accompanying the illustrations] this coat of arms appears under the title «Zúñigas» with the overlying chain formed only by 8 long links.

In [Anonymous; 1800a; page 46] the blazon of «the Zúñigas» is described, where in this book, curiously, the letter Z is ordered after C and before D.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Argent, Sable, Or, One, Bend, Chain, Orlewise and Overall.

Style keywords: Semi-circular, Illuminated and Metal beaten.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Zúñiga y Guzmán, Álvaro de.

Quarterly: 1 and 4 Vert, a crescent within eight mullets in lozenge Or; 2 and 3 Azure, a chain fesswise throughout between three fleurs de lis, 2 and 1, all the links and fleurs de lis per pale Or and Argent; an inescutcheon Azure, bearing a crown of count, charged with an eagle displayed within a bordure Or.

Coat of arms emblazoned by me with a pointed shape, illuminated, and with a watercolor finishing.

G0067, Chief Herald of Malta's grant of Robert George Alexander Balchin's arms, whose coat of arms has been emblazoned by me.

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Blazon keywords: Quarterly, Vert, One, Crescent, Eight, Mullet, In lozenge, Or, Azure, Chain, Fesswise, Throughout, Between, Three, Fleur de lis, Ordered, Party per pale, Argent, Inescutcheon, Crest and mantling, Crown of Count, Crown, Charged, Eagle and Bordure.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Watercolor and Pointed.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Balchin, Robert George Alexander.

Party per fess: 1 party per pale: 1 quarterly: 1 and 4 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable [for Castile]; 2 and 3 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or [for Leon]. 2 quarterly: 1 Or, four pallets Gules [for Aragon]; 2 quarterly per saltire: 1 and 4 Or, four pallets Gules; 2 and 3 Argent, an eagle displayed Sable [for Aragon-Sicily]. 3 Argent, a cross potent cantoned of four crosslets Or [for Jerusalem]. 4 Gules, a chain orlewise, crosswise, and saltirewise Or, charged in the fess point with an emerald Vert [for Navarre]. Enté en point Argent, a pomegranate proper, seeded Gules, slipped and leaved Vert [for Granada]. 2 quarterly: 1 Gules, a fess Argent [for Austria]; 2 Azure semé of fleurs de lis Or within a bordure compony Argent and Gules [for Burgundy modern]; 3 bendy Or and Azure within a bordure Gules [for Burgundy ancient]; 4 Sable, a lion rampant Or, armed and langued Gules [for Brabant]; overall an inescutcheon party per pale: 1 Or, a lion rampant Sable, armed and langued Gules [for Flanders]; 2 Argent, an eagle displayed Gules, crowned, armed, beaked, langued and membered Or, charged on the wings with two trefoiled stems Or [for Tyrol]. Crest: An imperial crown with two fanons Argent, fringed Or. Behind the shield a double-headed eagle displayed Sable, nimbed, beaked and armed Or, langued and membered Gules, enfiled by an open royal crown above the shield. Supporters: two columns Argent between in base waves Azure, in chief an imperial crown the dexter and a closed royal crown the sinister. Moto environing the columns: «Plus Ultra» Or over a scroll Gules. The shield is surrounded by the Golden Fleece.

The illustration brings together two different aspects. On the one hand, the photograph captures the moment in which I explain the coat of arms of Charles, Holy Roman Emperor, during one of my heraldic art exhibitions, pointing directly to its components while the audience observes. On the other hand, it shows the coat of arms of Charles V as painted by me. All the works visible in the image have been created by me. In this exhibition, I combined the presentation of my coats of arms with a live music concert featuring works by Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Komitas, and Carlos Gardel.

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Blazon keywords: Gules, Azure, Sable, Argent, Purpure, Or, Vert, One, Two, Four, Party per fess, Party per pale, Quarterly, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Crowned, Pale, Quarterly per saltire, Eagle, Displayed, Cross potent, Cross couped, Cantoned, Crosslet, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Enté en point, Pomegranate, Proper, Seeded, Slipped, Leaved, Fess, Semé, Fleur de lis, Bordure, Compony, Bendy, Overall, Inescutcheon, Beaked, Membered, Wing, Trefoiled, Stem, Crest, Imperial crown, Crown, Fanon, Fringed, Behind the shield, Double-headed, Nimbed, Enfiled, Open royal crown, Above the shield, Supporter (thing), Supporter, Column, Shafted, Between, In base, Wave, In chief, Dexter, Closed royal crown, Sinister, Motto, Environed, Scroll, Surrounded and Collar.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Semi-circular.

Classification: Civic, Interpreted, Boa, Collage and Photographic.

Bearer: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Quarterly: 1 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable [for Castile]; 2 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or [for Leon]; 3 Or, four pallets Gules [for Aragon]; 4 Gules, a chain orlewise, crosswise, and saltirewise Or, charged in the fess point with an emerald Vert [for Navarre]; enté en point Argent, a pomegranate proper, seeded Gules, slipped and leaved Vert [for Granada]; an inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs de lis Or, 2 and 1, a bordure Gules [for Bourbon]; and the whole debruised by a label of three points Azure. Crest: A Crown of Prince. The shield is surrounded by the Golden Fleece.

Arms depicted by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a iridescent finish.

This is my interpretation of the coat of arms of Her Royal Highness Doña Leonor Princess of Asturias (as heiress to the Crown of Castile), Princess of Girona (as heiress to the Crown of Aragon), and Princess of Viana (as heiress to the Kingdom of Navarre), with the Collar of the Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece. Her coat of arms is that of her father, the King, charged with a label Azure and surmounted by the crown of a princess with four pearl diadems, three visible.

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Blazon keywords: Gules, Azure, Purpure, Vert, Or, Argent, One, Three, Four, Quarterly, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Crowned, Pallet, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Enté en point, Pomegranate, Proper, Slipped, Leaved, Inescutcheon, Fleur de lis, Ordered, Bordure, Cadency, Label of three points, Crown of Prince, Crown, Surrounded and Collar.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Iridescent.

Classification: Personal, Kingdom of Spain, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Leonor Princess of Asturias.

Azure, a terraze in base Or, overall a gazelle springing Argent, collared with a chain streaming to sinister Or conjoined to the cross of the Cruz family bendwise.

De azur terrazado de oro, brochante sobre el todo una gacela brincante de plata, acollarada de una cadena extendida hacia la siniestra de oro unida a la cruz de la familia Cruz puesta en banda.

Coat of arms of Rosalía Cruz Carballo designed by Juan Lanzagorta Vallín and refined and emblazoned by me. In heraldry, a gazelle springing represents a broader and more dynamic leap than a gazelle salient, since in the springing attitude none of the hooves touch the ground, whereas in the salient attitude the hind legs, usually held close together, remain grounded while propelling the body upward. The English heraldic term «springing» is commonly used to describe a quadruped depicted in mid-leap, with all four legs clear of the ground, since there is no fully established Castilian translation for this heraldic attitude, I translate it as «brincante». The broad and energetic leap of the gazelle reflects Rosalía’s sporting spirit, vitality, and fondness for running and overcoming obstacles. The gazelle bears around its neck the cross designed by Jon Lanzagorta for his co-father-in-law, Mr. Cruz, her father. For this reason the cross is referred to in the blazon as the cross of the Cruz family and is not specifically blazoned in this case, although it could be described as a cross patty whose arms are each formed by three compony pallets Argent, Purpure and Or.

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Blazon keywords: Azure, Or, Argent, One, Terrace in base, Gazelle, Springing, Collared, Chain, Sinister, Conjoined, Cross couped and Bendwise.

Style keywords: Outlined, Outlined in sable and Semi-circular.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Cruz Carballo, Rosalia.

Azure, a terraze in base Or, overall a gazelle salient Argent, collared with a chain streaming to sinister Or conjoined to the cross of the Cruz family.

De azur terrazado de oro, brochante sobre el todo una gacela saltante de plata, acollarada de una cadena extendida hacia la siniestra de oro unida a la cruz de la familia Cruz.

Coat of arms of Julia Íñiguez Cruz designed by Juan Lanzagorta Vallín and refined and emblazoned by me. In heraldry, a gazelle «salient» ~ «saltante» represents a more restrained and less dynamic leap than a gazelle «springing» ~ «brincante», since in the salient attitude the hind legs, usually held close together, remain grounded while propelling the body upward, whereas in the springing attitude all four legs are depicted clear of the ground in mid-leap. The gazelle, like that of her mother Rosalía Cruz Carballo, bears around its neck the cross designed by Jon Lanzagorta for his co-father-in-law, Mr. Cruz, her grandfather. For this reason the cross is referred to in the blazon as the cross of the Cruz family and is not specifically blazoned in this case, although it could be described as a cross patty whose arms are each formed by three compony pallets Argent, Purpure and Or.

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Blazon keywords: Azure, Or, Argent, One, Terrace in base, Gazelle, Salient, Collared, Chain, Sinister, Conjoined and Cross couped.

Style keywords: Outlined, Outlined in sable and Semi-circular.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Íñiguez Cruz, Julia.

Publication of my interpretation of the arms of Her Royal Highness Princess Leonor, Princess of Asturias (heir to the Crown of Castile), Princess of Girona (heir to the Crown of Aragon), and Princess of Viana (heir to the Kingdom of Navarre), with the Collar of the Illustrious Order of the Golden Fleece, her coat of arms being that of her father the King, charged with a label Azure and surmounted by the princess's crown with four pearl diadems, of which three are visible. Publication made on the blog Twelve Lineages of Soria with the following text: The eminent heraldist Mr. Antonio Salmerón Cabañas interprets the arms of Her Royal Highness Princess Leonor, Princess of Asturias.

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Categories: Link, Or, Four, Pale, Gules, Azure, Sable, One, Castle, Port and windows, Masoned, Argent, Purpure, Lion, Rampant, Armed, Langued, Crowned, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Vert, Crown of Prince, Crown, Inescutcheon, Fleur de lis, Bordure, Enté, In base, Pomegranate, Proper, Seeded (pomegranate), Slipped, Leaved and Label.

Root: Twelve Lineages of Soria.

Gules, a chain orlewise, crosswise, and saltirewise Or, charged in the fess point with an emerald Vert.

Escudo gules, una cadena puesta en orla, en cruz y en sotuer de oro, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de sinople.

Coat of arms interpreted with: a semicircular (round) base; the field in flat Gules; the chains and the emerald illuminated in Or and Vert and outlined in Sable; and the whole executed with a raised-stroke finish.

This coat of arms, except for the emerald, corresponds to the blazon written in [Avilés, J.; 1780a; page 412 and figure 260] which says «Gules, a chain placed in orle, cross, and saltire Or, which some blazon differently», leaving me, as a reader, curious to know what that other way he refers to might be.

Then, [Avilés, J.; 1780a; pages 412–413] writes his version of the origin of the arms, saying that «...it was borne by Sancho VIII, called the Strong, and twenty-first King of Navarre, in the year 1212, for the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in Sierra Morena ...given to him by the King of Castile, Don Alfonso IX, whose aid he had joined...», which we would say Alfonso VIII of Castile, «the one of Las Navas».

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Or, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald and Vert.

Style keywords: Freehand, Illuminated and Outlined in sable.

Classification: Interpreted, Civic and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Navarre.

Quarterly: 1 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable; 2 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or; 3 Or, four pallets Gules; 4 Gules, a chain orlewise, crosswise, and saltirewise Or, charged in the fess point with an emerald Vert; enté en point Argent, a pomegranate proper, seeded Gules, slipped and leaved Vert; an inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs de lis Or, 2 and 1, a bordure Gules. Crest: A closed royal crown.

Coat of arms depicted by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a freehand finishing.

The arms of His Majesty King Felipe VI of Spain emblazoned by me. Francisco Domingo Larrosa Gil reminds me that in the original design, the pearls in the center of the crown's rosettes of acanthus leaves were always painted white, as were the pearls interspersed between these rosettes. However, recently, they have been colored azure. For instance, in the Official State Gazette, BOE of Spain, of June 21, 2014, which established the guidon and the banner of His Majesty King Felipe VI, the interior of the fleurons is colored azure, so much so that they assign it Pantone blue P-301. As we know, assigning Pantones makes no sense heraldically. In this version, I paint as pearls both those in the center of the rosettes and those interspersed between them. The definition provided by the Royal Household does not specify what lies in the center of the fleurons, which could potentially be empty; thus, the Royal Household states: «a closed crown, which is a circle of gold, with an inset of precious stones in their colours, composed of eight rosettes of acanthus leaves, of which five are visible, interspersed with pearls in their own colour, issuing from which are eight pearl diadems, of which five are visible, which converge in a blue orb, with gold semi-meridian and equator, surmounted by a gold cross, the crown lined with red», in my blazon, I limit myself to defining it as a closed royal crown.

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Blazon keywords: Gules, Azure, Purpure, Vert, Or, Argent, One, Three, Four, Quarterly, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Crowned, Pallet, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Enté en point, Pomegranate, Proper, Slipped, Leaved, Inescutcheon, Fleur de lis, Ordered, Bordure, Closed royal crown and Crown.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Freehand.

Classification: Personal, Kingdom of Spain, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Felipe VI of Spain.

Azure, between two palm fronds in pile reversed a Lady of Mercy grasping in her sinister hand a broken chain Argent, and charged on the chest with an escutcheon per fess, 1 Gules, a cross patty Argent, and 2 Or, four pallets Gules.

This is the coat of arms of Sister Esperanza Vega Lanzagorta, designed by Juan Lanzagorta Vallin and painted by me in 2 steps. In the 1^st row is the selected version of her coat of arms, and in the 2^nd row is an alternative version; both are based on the same structure and concepts. The blazon for the alternative version is as follows, note that the only change is the arrangement of the two palm fronds, from pile reversed to pile: «Azure, between two palm fronds in pile a Lady of Mercy grasping in her sinister hand a broken chain Argent, and charged on the chest with an escutcheon per fess, 1 Gules, a cross patty Argent, and 2 Or, four pallets Gules».

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Credits: Juan Lanzagorta Vallin is the designer of the coat of arms.

Blazon keywords: Azure, Argent, Gules, Or, One, Two, Our Lady of Mercy, Grasping, Sinister, Hand, Broken, Chain, Charged, Chest, Escutcheon, Party per fess, Cross patty, Cross couped, Between, Palm frond, In pile reversed and In pile.

Style keywords: Ratio, Outlined, Outlined in sable, Plain tincture, Illuminated and Semi-circular.

Classification: Personal, Created, Schema, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Vega Lanzagorta, Sister Esperanza.

Quarterly: 1 Gules, a castle triple-towered Or, port and windows Azure, masoned Sable [for Castile]; 2 Argent, a lion rampant Purpure, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or [for Leon]; 3 Or, four pallets Gules [for Aragon]; 4 Gules, a chain orlewise, crosswise, and saltirewise Or, charged in the fess point with an emerald Vert [for Navarre]; enté en point Argent, a pomegranate proper, seeded Gules, slipped and leaved Vert [for Granada]; an inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs de lis Or, 2 and 1, a bordure Gules [for Bourbon].

Escudo cuartelado: 1^o de gules, un castillo de oro, aclarado de azur, mazonado de sable [de Castilla]; 2^o de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, lampasado y armado de gules, coronado de oro [de León]; 3^o de oro, con cuatro palos de gules [de Aragón]; 4^o de gules, una cadena puesta en orla, en cruz y en sotuer de oro, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de sinople [de Navarra]; entado en punta de plata, una granada al natural, tajada de gules, tallada y hojada de sinople [de Granada]; un escusón de azur, tres flores de lis de oro, 2 y 1, una bordura de gules [de Borbón].

Arms depicted by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with a semi-circular outer contour and with a freehand finishing.

Arms of the Kingdom of Spain emblazoned by me. Although in the official blazon text it is blazoned as a point vert, and as a point what is painted in a way that it is not known whether it is a large point or an uncutt circular emerald, in the blazon I have described it as an emerald both in Spanish and in English, since the point does not have a clear heraldic existence in Spanish and even less so in English.

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Blazon keywords: Gules, Azure, Purpure, Vert, Or, Argent, One, Three, Four, Quarterly, Castle, Triple-towered, Port and windows, Masoned, Lion, Rampant, Crowned, Pallet, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Enté en point, Pomegranate, Proper, Slipped, Leaved, Inescutcheon, Fleur de lis, Ordered and Bordure.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Freehand.

Classification: Civic, Kingdom of Spain, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Spain, Kingdom of.

Emblem Azure, Saint Michael Argent, vested and nimbed Or, grasping in his dexter hand a spear Or, point downward, and in his sinister hand bearing [ Gules, a chain orlewise, crosswise, and saltirewise Or, charged in the fess point with an emerald Vert, of Navarre ], upon a dragon Vert, armed, langued, fanged, and the eyes Gules.

Emblema de azur, un San Miguel de plata, vestido y nimbado de oro, teniendo en su diestra una lanza de oro, con la punta hacia abajo y en su siniestra trae [ escudo gules, una cadena puesta en orla, en cruz y en sotuer de oro, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de sinople, de Navarra ], sostenido por un dragón de sinople, armado, lampasado, fierezado y encendido de gules.

Emblem interpreted by me as follows: an oval shape with proportions 5x6, wider than the original; the field illuminated in Azure; its charges outlined in Sable and illuminated in the colours Gules and Vert and the metals Argent and Or; the Archangel Saint Michael vested in Or, unlike others who appear in Argent; his emerald simplified into an area enameled Vert; and the whole emblem has a lightly beaten metal finish.

Due to its special characteristics, the difficulty in complying with the first rule of heraldry concerning metals and colours, and out of prudence, I categorize it as an emblem rather than a shield.

In a relief of the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel in Estella, Saint Michael can be seen fighting a dragon that represents the devil, in a similar but mirrored arrangement to that of this emblem. In that relief, the Archangel Saint Michael bears a pre-heraldic shield with its umbo. According to [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1963], the umbo of the shield is a reinforcing element that is the predecessor of what would later become the pommelly carbuncle of the shield of the Kingdom of Navarre.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Azure, Male figure, Angel, Archangel, Argent, Vested, Nimbed, Or, Grasping, Dexter, Spear, Point downwards, Sinister, Gules, One, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Vert, Upon, Dragon, Armed, Langued, The fangs and The eyes.

Style keywords: Oval, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Soft metal.

Classification: Interpreted, Socioeconomic, Education, Emblem and Kingdom of Navarre.

Bearer: University of Navarra.