Bend

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Category: Bend.

Ackerson and Akers lineages.

Sable, a Bend between three Acorns Or.

Illuminated and freehand finishing.

The coat of arms of Ackerson and Akers lineages emblazoned by me and extracted from [Burke, B.; 1989].

Unless the blazon specifies another layout, when a bend is between three charges, this charges are ordered, two in the chief and one in the base, as the three acorns do in this case.

[Rietstap, J. B.; 1861] escribe el blasón de «Ackers ou Akers» como «de sable, à une bande d'or, acc. de trois glands du mesme».

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Blazon keywords: Sable, Bend, Between, Three, Acorn, Or and Ordered.

Style keywords: Freehand, Outlined in sable and Illuminated.

Classification: Interpreted.

Ackhurst lineage.

Argent, on a Bend Sable three Acorns Or.

Illuminated and freehand finishing.

The coat of arms of Ackhurst lineage emblazoned by me and extracted from [Burke, B.; 1989].

Unless the blazon specifies another direction, the charges in a bend follow the direction of their bend, as the acorns do in this case.

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Blazon keywords: Argent, Bend, Sable, Three, Acorn, Or and Bendwise.

Style keywords: Freehand, Outlined in sable and Illuminated.

Classification: Interpreted.

Alfonso X of Castile, The Wise, «The Seven-Part Code», its estimated completion year is 1265.

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This is the copy I can consult, as it is available in the Hispanic Digital Library, it is a manuscript measuring 42 by 30 centimeters that once belonged to Álvaro de Zúñiga y Guzmán, first Duke of Arévalo, which later came into the possession of the Catholic Monarchs, initially Queen Isabella I of Castile, and after her death, King Ferdinand reclaimed it for the price of 5,251 maravedis. The original is housed in the National Library, in display case 4/6.

This copy, in addition to its numerous capital letters, has 8 illustrated pages, which according to its subsequent hand-numbering in pencil are:

• Page 6, among its illustrations can be seen 2 coats of arms of the Zúñiga family «Argent, a bend Sable, over all, a chain in orle Or», in this case formed by 16 links, 8 round and 8 more elongated placed in profile.
• Pages 106 and 191, on the latter can be seen a curious bishop-lizard climbing.
• Pages 294 and 331, on the 2^nd at the bottom, a maiden is seen walking a monkey to relieve itself and to her right a fight of men with beast bodies.
• Page 379 and on its previous unnumbered page, and finally, on page 415 which begins with a tournament where the 2^nd knight bears the ancient arms of France «Azure, semy of fleurs de lis Or».

The coat of arms that illustrates this bibliographic reference is that of Álvaro de Zúñiga y Guzmán. For the creation of his chain, I followed the illustration of his 2 coats of arms on the already mentioned page 6 of this manuscript.

It is one of my favorite manuscripts and, perhaps, the one with which I have created the most things.

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Bibliographical reference of century XIII.

Classification: Castilian language, Manuscript and In color.

Author: Alfonso X of Castile.

Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:

• Zúñiga y Guzmán, Álvaro de

External resources:

• National Library of Spain.
• Indirect access to the Library of Congress of the United States of America.
• Direct access to the Library of Congress of the United States of America.

Internal resources: AlfonsoXDeCastilla1265.7Partidas.10642.pdf.

Argent, a bend Azure charged with a jaguar rampant Argent, spotted Azure. Motto: «Barrio Bajo» Sable with initial letters Gules over a scroll Argent.

Escudo de plata, una banda de azur cargada de un jaguar rampante de plata, manchado de azur. Divisa: «Barrio Bajo» de sable, con iniciales de gules, sobre una filacteria de plata.

Arms designed by me, highlighted with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with a chasuble external shape and with a watercolor finish.

The coat of arms of the Barrio Bajo of Mon'Tarena, Queretaro, Mexico, designed by Joaquin Haces Perdomo and me and emblazoned by me. In this case, the tinctures Azure and Argent have been adjusted to match the official colour palette of Mon'Tarena.

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Blazon keywords: Argent, Azure, Sable, Gules, One, Bend, Charged, Jaguar, Rampant, Spotted, Motto and Scroll.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Chasuble and Watercolor.

Classification: Civic, Created, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Barrio Bajo of Mon'Tarena.

Azure, a bend between six covered cups Or.

Escudo de azur, una banda acompañada de seis copas todo de oro.

Illuminated with lights and shadows and with a freehand finish.

Around 1155, Beatrix de Villers married Richard le Boteler Pincerna, who became the 4^th Baron of Warrington. The heir of Beatrix and Richard took the surname «le Boteler» and ruled the Warrington region, bearing arms Azure, a bend between six covered cups Or.

In Castilian, a «copa» has a lid and is referred to as a «covered cup» in English. When it doesn't have a lid, it's called a «cup» in English and a «cáliz» or «copón» in Castilian, the latter being a less preferred term for me. In English, the term «chalice» is also used, especially if it's adorned with gemstones, although that's more of an artistic license.

Naipes Heraclio Fournier is a renowned Spanish playing card manufacturer based in Villareal de Álava. The countless hours I have spent holding its cards in my hands are incalculable, whether playing with friends, opponents, or performing magic tricks. Its influence on my heraldic artwork is significant. For instance, in this covered cup.

The following image shows my covered cup and my two interpretations of his arms: 1) the most commonly viewed, and 2) my alternative layout.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Azure, One, Bend, Between, Six, Covered cup and Or.

Style keywords: Freehand, Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Semi-circular.

Classification: Interpreted and Kingdom of England.

Bearer: Boteler of Warrington.

Grandson of Blanche of Castile, 6^th son of Saint Louis IX, founder of the House of Bourbon, husband of Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon.

Azure semé of fleurs de lis Or, a bend Gules.

Escudo de Azur sembrado de flores de lis de oro, banda gules.

Coat of arms that I have interpreted with:: a semicircular (round) base; the field enamelled in flat Azure; the fleurs-de-lys illuminated in Or; the bend illuminated in Gules; the whole is outlined in Sable; and the freehand drawing.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Azure, Or, Semé, Fleur de lis, Bend and Gules.

Style keywords: Semi-circular, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Freehand.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms, Kingdom of France and House of Bourbon.

Bearer: Clermont, Robert of.

The cottise is the bend diminished to 1/2 or 1/3 of its width, depending on the author.

Cottise 1/2 of the bend width

If the bend width is 1/3 of the shield width b, then that of the cottise is 1/2 x b/3 = b/6. From a bend I can, for example, draw on it the vertical V1-V2 and divide it by Thales into 4 segments, assigning the 2 central ones to the cottise, drawing its sides parallel to the bend. When dividing by 2, an even number, no segment remains centred. Therefore, I divide by 4, double of 2, and group the 2 central segments. The width of each segment is 1/4 x b/3 = b/12 and the 2 central ones sum b/12 + b/12 = b/6.

Cottise 1/3 of the bend width

If the diminution is to 1/3 of the bend width, then the cottise width is 1/3 x b/3 = b/9. From the previous bend I can follow the same process, drawing on the bend the vertical line V1-V2 and dividing it by Thales. In this second case it is divided by 3 which, being odd, leaves one of the segments centred and it is not necessary to divide by double as in the first case. To finish constructing this cottise it suffices to draw through the ends of the central segment 2 lines parallel to the bend of which this cottise is a diminution.

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Blazon keywords: Bendlet and Bend.

Style keywords: Freehand and Pointed.

Classification: PDF and Schema.

Tierced per bend: 1 vairy Or and Azure; 2 Azure, two ships in full sail, in bend Argent; 3 Or, four bars wavy Azure. Crest: Upon a helm, with a wreath Argent and Azure, a demi-red fox proper, grasping dexter four ears of wheat Or. Mantling: Azure doubled Argent. Motto: «Ignis Aurum Probat».

Coat of arms designed by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, outlined in Sable, with a semi-circular external shape and with a rough finishing.

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Blazon keywords: Or, Azure, Argent, One, Two, Four, Crest, Tierced per bend, Vairy, Ship, Full sail, Bend, Bar, Wavy, Crest and mantling, Upon (wreath), Helm, Wreath, Demi, Fox, Rampant, Proper, Grasping, Dexter, Ear of wheat, Wheat, Mantling and Motto.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Rough.

Classification: Personal, Created, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Milian, family.

Papa número 207 de la Iglesia, de 1431 a 1447. «Eugenius IV», de nombre Gabriele Condulmer, nació en Venecia.

Azure, a bend Argent.

Escudo de azur, una banda de plata.

Escudo papal que he interpretado con: la boca apuntada; el campo de tinta plana de azur; la banda iluminada de azur y delineada de sable; y el conjunto acuarelado.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Azure, One, Bend and Argent.

Style keywords: Pointed, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Watercolor.

Classification: Interpreted, Religious and Papal States.

Bearer: Eugene IV.

Cheshire, visitation of 1613.

Argent, on a bend Azure three garbs Or, bendwise.

Escudo de plata, una banda de azur cargada de tres gavillas de trigo de oro, puestas en banda.

Coat of arms interpreted as follows: with a rounded base; the field and the bend illuminated in Or and Azure; the garbs outlined in Sable and illuminated in Or; and with a leather texture.

A coat of arms recorded in [Armytage, G. J.; Rylands, J. P.; 1909] and in [Goldstraw, M. S. J.; 2013b], blazoned as «Argent, on a bend Azure, three garbs Or».

It is the norm in heraldry that charges upon a bend are arranged bendwise, so since the three garbs are disposed in this way it is possible to omit the expression «bendwise», though it may also be included to avoid any doubt, as I have done in this instance.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Or, Azure, Bend, Charged, Wheat, Garb, In bend and Bendwise.

Style keywords: Rounded, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Leather.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal and Cheshire County.

Bearer: Fitton de Carden, Clutton and Chester.

Transform the blazon «Or» into «Or, five Pommes in saltire» and the blazon «Argent» into «Argent, five Hurts in saltire» moving the pommes and hurts through both metals, without breaking the rule of tinctures.

You can change one charge by another one, but only once.

For example, if you change «Sable, a Bend Argent» by «Sable, a Pale Argent», then the Pommes can arrive to «Or» blazon. However, this is not a solution, because the Hurts cannot walk to «Argent» blazon.

Think before you move the cursor or click on the following link and see the solution.

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Categories: Riddle, Ogee, Outlined in sable, Freehand, Or, Argent, Vert, Azure, Gules, Sable, Hurt, torteau, pellet, pomme and golpe, Hurt, Pomme, In saltire, Fess, Saltire, Bend sinister, Cross, Pale and Bend.

For example, if you change «Azure, a Cross Argent» by «Azure, a Pall Argent», then the Pommes can arrive to «Or» blazon and the Hurts can arrive to «Argent» blazon. You can view both paths azure and vert in the following image.

Other solution is to change «Azure, a Cross Argent» by «Azure, a Bordure Argent».

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Categories: Riddle solution, Ogee, Outlined in sable, Freehand, Or, Argent, Vert, Azure, Gules, Sable, Hurt, torteau, pellet, pomme and golpe, Hurt, Pomme, In saltire, Fess, Saltire, Bend sinister, Cross, Pale, Bend and Pall.

Party per pale: 1 Gules, a bend sinister debruised by an inescutcheon Or charged with a bend Azure charged with five fusils palewise Argent, in base on a triangle Argent the Sacred Heart of Jesus proper [for Adriaensen]; 2 Azure, a fleur de lis Argent above a doe sejeant proper surrounded by twelve mullets in orle Or [granted by Bourbon-Parma].

Coat of arms emblazoned by me with a lozenge shape, illuminated, and with a free hand finishing.

G0084, Chief Herald of Malta's grant of Heidi Garcia-Bosch-de Morales-de Sola née Adriaensen's arms, whose coat of arms has been emblazoned by me.

The image combines a photograph of a drawing of a doe sejeant along with her coat of arms, both painted by me.

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Blazon keywords: Party per pale, Gules, One, Bend sinister, Or, In base, Triangle, Argent, Charged, Sacred Heart of Jesus, Heart enflamed, Heart, Enflamed, Proper, Overall, Inescutcheon, Bend, Azure, Five, Fusil, Palewise, Doe, Sejant, Above, Fleur de lis, Surrounded, Twelve, Mullet and In orle.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Freehand and Rhombus.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Coat of arms, Hand-drawn, Collage and Photographic.

Bearer: Garcia-Bosch-de Morales-de Sola née Adriaensen, Heidi.

Publication on the blog Twelve Lineages of Soria about the armorial I produced for the ISCH under the title: The eminent heraldist Mr. Antonio Salmerón Cabañas brings us his latest edition of February 25, 2018 of the Roll of Arms of the International Society of Commoners Heraldry ISCH.

This armorial contains coats of arms painted by different heraldic artists, although all those shown in the illustration heading this article were painted by my own hand.

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Categories: Link, Gules, Azure, Vert, Sable, Purpure, Or, Argent, Without divisions, Gyronny, Party per pale, Quarterly, Bend, Saltire, Bordure, Chevron, Cross, Pile, Bendlet, Inescutcheon, Chequey, Hurt, torteau, pellet, pomme and golpe, Cadency, Thistle, Fleur de lis, Horse, Crown, Sun in splendour, Martlet, Wolf, Letter, Unicorn, Griffin, Dragon's head and Engouled.

Root: Twelve Lineages of Soria.

Azure, a bend Or. Behind the shield an eight-pointed cross patty Gules.

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Blazon keywords: Azure, One, Bend, Or, Behind the shield, Eight-pointed cross, Cross couped and Gules.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Semi-circular and Freehand.

Classification: Religious, Military, Knights Templar, Interpreted and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Molay, Jacques de.

Cheshire, 1613.

Argent, a bend Sable, between two lions' heads ereased Sable, langued Gules.

Escudo de plata, una banda de sable, acompañada de dos cabezas de león de sable, lampasadas de gules.

Coat of arms interpreted with: a rounded base; the field and the bend illuminated in Argent and Sable; the charges in plain Sable and Gules tinctures, outlined in Sable; and the whole in leather.

[Goldstraw, M. S. J.; 2013b] blazons it as «Argent, a bend between two lions' heads ereased Sable», this being the first coat of arms I interpreted from the County of Cheshire.

Use of the plural with the Saxon genitive

While in Castilian one uses the plural for the heads and the singular for the lion, that is, one writes «dos cabezas de león», in English one uses the plural for both the heads and the lions, that is, one writes «two lions' heads» and, therefore, the «s» of the Saxon genitive is omitted and only the apostrophe is written. This usage is general, for example:

• «there boars' heads» ~ «tres cabezas de jabalí»,
• «a pair of eagles' wings» ~ «dos medios vuelos»,
• «two ravens' wings» ~ «dos alas de cuervo»,
• «three hinds' heads» ~ «tres cabezas de cierva»,
• «four tritons' trumpet» ~ «cuatro trompetas de tritón»,
• «three wolfs' claws» ~ «tres garras de lobo»,
• «two greyhounds' heads» ~ «dos cabezas de galgo»,
• «two bears' forepaws» ~ «dos patas delanteras de oso»,
• «four dragons' heads» ~ «cuatro cabezas de dragante»,
• «two roe deers' attires» ~ « dos cuernas de corzo»,
• «three spears' heads» ~ «tres puntas de lanza»,
• «two unicorns' heads» ~ «dos cabezas de unicornio»,
• «two rams' horns» ~ «dos cuernos de carnero» o
• «three leopards' faces» ~ «tres cabezas de leopardo».

Except in cases where the term is used in English as if it were an adjective, for example «two Catherine wheels» ~ «dos ruedas de Santa Catalina», which are the wheels used to martyr her, or «three wagon wheels» ~ «tres ruedas de carro».

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Argent, Sable, Gules, Bend, Head and Lion.

Style keywords: Rounded, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Leather.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal and Cheshire County.

Bearer: Meoles de Meoles.

[Gules, on a trimount issuant from the base Argent a bighorn sheep salient Or, horned Argent. Motto: «Barrio Alto» Sable with initial letters Gules over a scroll Argent]; [Party per pale Azure and Argent, a hummingbird volant bendwise counterchanged. Motto: «Barrio del Artista» Sable with initial letters Gules over a scroll Argent]; [Argent, a bend Azure charged with a jaguar rampant Argent, spotted Azure. Motto: «Barrio Bajo» Sable with initial letters Gules over a scroll Argent]; and [Argent, a wolf passant Gules, a chief dancetty Azure. Motto: «Barrio de los Quereres» Sable with initial letters Gules over a scroll Argent].

The coats of arms of Barrio Alto, Barrio del Artista, Barrio Bajo, and Barrio de los Quereres of Mon'Tarena, Querétaro, Mexico, all designed by Joaquín Haces Perdomo and me and emblazoned and signed by me, exhibited at the 5^th International Congress of Genealogy and Heraldry (5^th ICGHV), Vilnius. The 5^th ICGHV was held at the historic National Museum - Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania and was organized by the Genealogijos, Heraldikos ir Veksilologijos Institutas, whose President is Remigijus Bimba, with whom I had the honour of being photographed in the second image.

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Blazon keywords: Gules, Azure, Or, Argent, Sable, One, On, Trimount, Issuant from base, Bighorn sheep, Salient, Horned, Party per pale, Hummingbird, Volant, Bendwise, Counterchanged, Bend, Charged, Jaguar, Rampant, Spotted, Wolf, Passant, Chief, Dancetty, Motto and Scroll.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated and Chasuble.

Classification: Civic, Created, Boa and Photographic.

Bearer: Barrio de los Quereres of Mon'Tarena.

Party per pale Or and Gules, on a bend counterchanged three fleur de lis palewise counterchanged Argent and Sable between six martlets, 3 and 3 in pale, counterchanged Sable and Argent.

Escudo partido: 1^o de oro, en la diestra de la punta tres marletas en palo de sable; 2^o de gules, en la siniestra del jefe tres marletas en palo de plata; brochante sobre el todo una banda del uno al otro cargada de tres flores de lis puestas en palo, la primera de plata, la segunda partida de plata y sable y la tercera de sable.

Arms devised by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with an ogee external shape and with a watercolor finishing.

Coat of arms of Matthew Nelson designed by him and me and emblazoned by me. Alternative blazon: «Party per pale: 1 Or, in the dexter of the base three martlets in pale Sable; 2 Gules, in the sinister of the chief three martlets in pale Argent; overall a bend counterchanged charged with three fleurs de lis palewise, the first Argent, the second per pale Argent and Sable, and the third Sable».

Design rationale

This design combines elements and tinctures from the arms of his lineages: Luttrell, Anglo-Irish, and Nelson from Ireland, along with personal details. The bend, martlets, Or, and Sable are from Luttrell. The fleurs de lis Argent, Sable, and per pale Argent and Sable are from Nelson. As personal elements, the layout includes the letter N from his surname, and the color Gules.

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Blazon keywords: Or, Sable, Gules, Argent, One, Three, Party per pale, Dexter, Base, Martlet, In pale, Sinister, Chief, Overall, Bend, Counterchanged, Counterchanged (side-by-side), Charged, Fleur de lis and Palewise.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Watercolor.

Classification: Personal, Created, Design rationale, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Nelson, Matthew.

In the hoist the arms of Rudolph Andries Ulrich Juchter van Bergen Quast and in the fly pean, Gules and Gules, between two transverse bands Or, bearing the motto «Nemo me impune lacessit» in letters Sable, in the first compartment an Indian elephant statant Or, armed Argent, strapped over the belly, hump and rump Sable, cottised Or, charged on his left flank with a rose Gules, barbed Vert, seeded Or; seated on his neck a mahout, in his sinister hand a stick in bend sinister Argent; in the second compartment two leopard faces Or; in the third compartment a leopard face Or; and fringed compony Gules and Or.

Watercolor finishing

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Blazon keywords: Pean, Gules, Two, Bend, Motto, Elephant, Statant, Or, Tusked, Sable, Cotised, Rose, Barbed, Vert, Seeded, Male figure, Sinister, Hand, In bend sinister, One, Head and Leopard.

Style keywords: Watercolor.

Classification: Flag and Personal.

Bearer: Juchter van Bergen Quast, Rudolph Andries Ulrich.

Azure, a bend Argent between, in chief a sword point upwards Argent, hilted Or, in base a pair of scales Or. Crest: Upon a helm with a wreath Argent and Azure, an owl Argent, grasping with its dexter talon an escutcheon bendwise quarterly Gules and Argent. Mantling Azure doubled Argent. Motto: «Ex Homine Lex, Ex Deo Iustitia» Sable, over a scroll Or charged at its center with a mullet of five points Argent, irradiated of thirty rays Or. Suspended from the shield the cross of Knight of Merit of the Constantinian Order.

Coat of arms depicted by me, illuminated with lights and shadows, contoured in Sable, with an ogee outer contour and with a leather finishing.

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Blazon keywords: Azure, Argent, Or, Gules, One, Thirty, Bend, Between, Sinister, Chief, Sword, Point upwards, Hilted, Dexter, Base, Pair of scales, Crest, Upon (wreath), Helm, Wreath, Owl, Grasping, Talon, Escutcheon, Quarterly, Mantling, Doubled, Motto, Scroll, Mullet, Irradiated, Suspended from the shield and Decoration.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable, Illuminated, Ogee and Leather.

Classification: Personal, Interpreted, Boa and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Buttaro, Salvatore.

William Shakespeare, «Coriolanus», Tragedy in 5 acts and 29 scenes, written in verse, dated to either 1608 or 1609, depending on the sources.

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It is one of the last works written by William Shakespeare, a tragedy based on the life of Caius Marcius Coriolanus, a legendary Roman general from the 5^th century B.C. Some authors consider General Coriolanus to be a historical figure, while others do not.

Initially known only as Caius Marcius, during the war against the Volsci he becomes a hero by entering the city of Corioli with a few soldiers, and from then on, he is called Caius Marcius Coriolanus.

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Bibliographical reference of century XVII.

The author is Shakespeare, William.

External resource:

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Or, on a bend Sable, a spear Or, headed Argent.

Escudo de oro, una banda de sable, cargada de una lanza de plata, fustada oro.

Coat of arms I have interpreted, unlike others, with: a semicircular (round) base; its field and bend enamelled in flat Or and Sable; its lance is not a tournament lance; the spearhead (the iron) long and broad, to enhance its illuminated Argent; the shaft of the lance illuminated in Or; and the whole finished in watercolor.

Note the different structure of the blazon between Spanish and English, where in the former the lance is Argent with a shaft Or, and in the latter the lance is Or with a spearhead Argent.

[Avilés, J.; 1780a;; page 96, paragraph 2] tells us: «Fustado, said of a tree whose trunk is of a different colour from that of its leaves; and the same is understood of a lance or a pike, whose shaft is of a different tincture from that of the iron.».

Heraldic riddle in English

Solution in English

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Or, Sable, Argent, Bend, Bendwise, Spear and Charged.

Style keywords: Parchment and Illuminated.

Classification: Riddle, Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms, Canting and Literature.

Bearer: Shakespeare, William.

Cheshire, 1533-1580.

Or, a bend Azure.

Escudo de oro, una banda de azur.

Coat of arms interpreted with: a rounded base; the field and the bend illuminated in Or and Azure and outlined in Sable; and the shield with a leather finish.

In [Goldstraw, M. S. J.; 2013b] for «Sir Ralfe Vernon». the following blazon is recorded: «Or, a bend Azure».

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Or, Azure and Bend.

Style keywords: Rounded, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Leather.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal and Cheshire County.

Bearer: Vernon, Sir Ralfe.

Paly of six Azure and Or; over all a bend Azure.

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Blazon keywords: Paly, Six, Azure, Or, Surmounted, Overall (deprecated) and Bend.

Style keywords: Pointed, Metal beaten, Illuminated and Outlined in sable.

Classification: Coat of arms, Interpreted and Personal.

Bearer: Gifra, Vittorio.

Justice and High Sheriff of Castile, first knight of the realm, warden of the fortress of Burgos, administrator of the mastership of the Order of Alcántara, nobleman of Castile, 1410–1488.

Argent, a bend Sable; overall a chain orlewise Or.

Escudo de plata, una banda de sable; brochante sobre el todo una cadena puesta en orla de oro.

Coat of arms of Álvaro de Zúñiga y Guzmán, which I have interpreted as follows: the shield has a semicircular (round) base; the field and the bend are illuminated in flat tinctures Argent and Sable; the chain is illuminated in Or; and the whole is rendered with a raised-stroke effect.

For the crafting of the chain in this coat of arms, which has a total of 16 links, of which 8 are long and 8 are round, I have followed the two coats of arms of Álvaro de Zúñiga y Guzmán that appear in what was his copy of [Alfonso X of Castile; 1265; page 6 of the later pencil numbering].

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Argent, Sable, Or, One, Bend, Chain, Orlewise and Overall.

Style keywords: Freehand and Illuminated.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Zúñiga y Guzmán, Álvaro de.