Century XX
Académie internationale d'héraldique; 1999
Académie internationale d'héraldique, AIH, «Mémorial du Jubilé, 1949-1999», 201 páginas, 1999.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Report and French language.
Author: Académie internationale d'héraldique.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
External link:
Internal resources: Aih1999.Memorial.pdf.
Adams, A.; 1941
Arthur Adams, PhD, F. S. A., «Cheshire Visitation Pedigrees, 1663», 141 pages, edited by J. Whitehead and Son Limited, series Publications of the Harleian Society, volume 93, London, 1941.
This book includes some illustrations, but in black and white. The coat of arms that illustrates this bibliographic reference is a color interpretation of one of those recorded in this book, based on the recreations by Martin S. J. Goldstraw. It specifically corresponds to the coat of arms of Allen de Brindley, with the difference that here its crest is not included.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Adams, Arthur.
Ailes, A.; 1982
Adrian Ailes, «The Origins of the Royal Arms of England: Their Development to 1199», foreword by Rodney Dennys, includes 27 black and white illustrations, Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, Reading University, 126 pages, ISBN 07-049077-6-3, Reading, Berkshire, 1982.
An article reviewing this book is: Brigitte Bedos Rezak, Archives nationales de Paris and Metropolitan Museum of Art, «The Origins of the Royal Arms of England, their Development to 1199 by Adrian Ailes», Speculum, volume 60, number 2, pages 373-376, Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, April of 1985.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Ailes, Adrian.
External resource:
Arco y García, F. del; 1996a
Fernando del Arco y García, «Introducción a la Heráldica», 142 pages, Collection Burgundy Pursuivant, edited by Prensa y Ediciones Iberoamericanas SL, printed by Gráficas Joma, Legal deposit M-5240, ISBN 84-86568-64-1, Madrid, 22nd of february of 1996.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: In black and white and Castilian language.
Author: Arco y García, Fernando del.
Arco y García, F. del; 1996b
Fernando del Arco y García, «Método de blasonar», 75 pages, Colección Perseverante Borgoña, edited by Ateneist Group of Vexilological, Heraldic and Genealogical Studies, printed by Gráficas Joma, Legal deposit M. M-5240, ISBN 84-606-2768-3, Madrid, 1996.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: In black and white and Castilian language.
Author: Arco y García, Fernando del.
Armytage, G. J.; Rylands, J. P.; 1909
George J. Armytage and John Paul Rylands, «Pedigrees Made at the Visitation of Cheshire, 1613, taken by Richard Saint George, Esq., Norroy King of Arms and Henry Saint George, Gent., Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms; and some other contemporary pedigrees», edited by Sir George J. Armytage, Bart., F. S. A. and John Paul Rylands, Esq., F. S. A., published by Mitchell, Hughes & Clark, printed for The Record Society, London, 1909.
[Goldstraw, M. S. J.; 2013b] is a color recreation of the coats of arms recorded in this book.
The coat of arms that illustrates this bibliographic reference is one of those recorded in this book, which contains only a few illustrations in black and white, and corresponds to the coat of arms of Fitton de Carden, Clutton y Chester.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Authors: Armytage, George J. and Rylands, John Paul.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
Atienza y Navajas, J. de; 1959
Julio de Atienza y Navajas, Baron of the Cobos de Belchite, «Nobiliario Español: Diccionario Heráldico de Apellidos y Títulos», 1st edition, edited by Aguilar, 1,712 pages, Madrid, 1959.
It is a monumental work that includes a heraldic dictionary and blazons of Spanish lineages and noble titles, along with the history and genealogy of thousands of Spanish families.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Castilian language, In black and white and De bibliotheca.
Author: Atienza y Navajas, Julio de.
Becher, C.; Gamber, O.; 1986
Charlotte Becher and Ortwin Gamber, «Die Wappenbücher Herzog Albrechts VI. von Österreich: Ingeram-Codex der ehem, Bibliothek Cotta, Volume 1», editado por Böhlau Verlag Wien, 178 pages, ISBN 3-205-05002-9 y 978-32-05050-02-5, Vienna, Cologne, Graz, 1986.
Dedicated exclusively to the study and analysis of the armorial [Ingeram, H.; 1459].
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: German language.
The 2 authors are Becher, Charlotte and Gamber, Ortwin.
The following article cites this bibliographic reference:
External link:
Brault, G. J.; 1997
Gerard J. Brault, professor of French and Medieval Studies at Pennsylvania State University, «Rolls of Arms of Edward I, 1272-1307, Volume I and Volume II», is a set of 2 volumes, 1,104 pages, size 24.4 x 17.2 cm, with 3 color illustrations and 8 black and white illustrations, published by Boydell Press, Aspilogia series, ISBN 9780851156699, Suffolk, United Kingdom, May 1, 1997.
Another annotated edition exists from February 21, 2008, also published by Boydell Press.
The starting hypothesis of this book is that at the beginning of the second half of the 13th century, the use of coats of arms increased, this increase led to the appearance of the first armorials in which the names of their holders were recorded along with the descriptive blazon of their armory, and painted shields could be included.
From the Middle Ages, about 350 armorials have survived, of which 130 come from England, and they are a unique source for identifying many medieval figures, their titles, and their possessions. This book analyzes 17 of these armorials, such as the so-called [Marshal, L.; 1295; The Lord Marshal's Roll], which includes the coat of arms of William de Colebrand that illustrates this bibliographic reference.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Brault, Gerard J..
The following articles cite this bibliographic reference:
External resource:
Burke, B.; 1989
Sir Bernard Burke, C. B., LL. D., Ulster King of Arms, «The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales; Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time», edited by Heraldry Today, printed by Redwoods Books, 1185 pages and an initial supplement with 130 pages, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 1989.
Its first edition was [Burke, B.; 1842].
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: In black and white and English language.
Author: Burke, Bernard.
Here are the articles quoting this reference:
Internal resources: Paper edition.
Cadenas y Vicent, V. de; 1975
Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent, Dean King of Arms, «Fundamentos de Heráldica (Ciencia del Blasón)», Instituto Salazar Castro (C. S. I. C. Higher Center for Scientific Research), edited by Ediciones Hidalguía, 212 pages, Madrid, 1975.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: In black and white.
Author: Cadenas y Vicent, Vicente de.
The following article cites this bibliographic reference:
External link:
Cadenas y Vicent, V. de; 1987
Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent, Dean King of Arms, «Repertorio de blasones de la comunidad hispánica», Instituto Salazar Castro (C. S. I. C. Higher Center for Scientific Research), edited by Ediciones Hidalguía, printed by Gráficas Arias Montano, S. A., Móstoles, 2nd edition, ISBN of the complete work 84-00-06642-1, Legal deposit of the complete work M.31.950-1987, Madrid, 1987.
4 volumes and 1 apendix
- Volume I, contains the surnames that begin with the letters A, B, C & CH, and ISBN of this volume I 84-00-06643-X.
- Volume II, contains the surnames that begin with the letters D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L & LL, and ISBN of this volume II 84-00-06044-8.
- Volume III, contains the surnames that begin with the letters M, N, Ñ, O, P, Q & R, and ISBN of this volume III 84-00-06645-6.
- Volume IV, contains the surnames that begin with the letters S, T, U, V, W, X, Y & Z, and ISBN of this volume IV 84-00-06646-4.
- Apendix I, contains other surnames not included in the previous volumes, and ISBN of this apendix I I 84-00-05912-3.
Example, Uranzu in the volume VI
The volume IV has 454 pages numbered from 1525 to 1979. This is my translation for the 4th coat of arms of the 5 blazons of surname «Uranzu» described on pages 1,726 and 1,728 of this volume IV (see in the previous image of the original blazon).
Party per pale:
1 Gules,
the base,
wavy Argent and Azure, on them,
a Galleon with eight Cannons per band,
nine Galleys,
seven Galiots,
five Fustas, and
a Brigantine sailing,
the Ships, their Masts and Strings all Or,
the Galleon with Sails Argent,
the other Ships with Sails lowered Argent,
in chief,
an imperial eagle Sable, flying towards the galleon;
2 Argent,
a lion rampant Gules,
with its rear Paws on an Anchor Azure
lying to the sinister Flank,
holding in its fore Paws a Flagpole Vert with
three Flags,
Azure, three Fleurs de lis Or, ordered,
Azure, two Bends Or,
Gules, a plain Cross Argent,
between
four smalls Anchors Sable with Cables Gules.
Within a Bordure Or, sixteen Saltires Gules.
Although I am not sure of the reality of this coat of arms, I have made a) in Spanish a simplification and b) its translation in parallel to English. I assume that in the 2nd flag the Fleurs de lis in triangle are 3 and they are ordered. Although I am not sure of the reality of this busy coat of arms, I can't found a painted version, I have made a) a simplification of its Spanish blazon and b) its translation in parallel to English. I assume that in the 2nd flag the Fleurs de lis in triangle are 3 and they are ordered. The colors of the text in the images lets an easy reading and show the blazon structure. There are in this coat of arms 1+9+7+5+1 = 23 ships.
Currently the National Institute of Statistics of Spain (I. N. E.), about the surname «Uranzu» answer that «there are no inhabitants with the surname consulted», neither 1st nor 2nd surname, «or its frequency is less than 5 for the national total».
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Black and white with color plates.
The author is Cadenas y Vicent, Vicente de.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
External resources:
Chaparro D'Acosta L.; 1979
Lino Chaparro D'Acosta, «Heráldica de los Apellidos Canarios», foreword by Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent, 2 volumes, Volume I from A to L, 285 surnames, 293 pages, Volume II from M to Z and a heraldic dictionary, 387 surnames, 439 pages, edited by Estudios Tecnicos del Blason, ISBN of the complete work 84-300-2000-4, ISBN of Volume I 84-300-1989-8, ISBN of Volume I II 84-300-418010-8, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1979.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Black and white with color plates and Castilian language.
Author: Chaparro D'Acosta, Lino.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
Cramer, R. de; 1913
René de Cramer, «Drapeaux, Bannières, Vlaggen en Wimpels», Universal and International Exhibition of Ghent 1913, La Vieille Flandre, published by Société Anonyme Belge d'Imprimerie, Brussels, 1913.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: French language, Dutch language and Black and white with color plates.
Author: Cramer, René de.
Internal resources: CramerRde913.DrapeauxBannir.docx.
Emblemata; 1995
Baron of Valdeolivos Emblematic Chair, of the Fernando el Catolico Institution, of the Centre of Scientific Research (C. S. I. C.) and of the Government of Zaragoza, «Emblemata», Volume 1st, Emblemata Aragonese Magazine about Emblems (E. R. A. E.), 419 pages, 44 pictures, ISSN 1137-1056, Legal deposit Z.3.937 1996, printed by the Cooperativa de Artes Gráficas Librería General, Zaragoza, 1995.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Magazine and Castilian language.
The author is Cátedra de Emblemática Barón de Valdeolivos.
External link:
Emblemata; 1996
Baron of Valdeolivos Emblematic Chair, of the Fernando el Catolico Institution, of the Centre of Scientific Research (C. S. I. C.) and of the Government of Zaragoza, «Emblemata», Volume 2nd, Emblemata Aragonese Magazine about Emblems (E. R. A. E.), 396 pages, 89 pictures, ISSN 1137-1056, Legal deposit Z.3.937 1996, printed by the Cooperativa de Artes Gráficas Librería General, Zaragoza, 1996.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Magazine and Castilian language.
The author is Cátedra de Emblemática Barón de Valdeolivos.
External resource:
Emblemata; 1997
Baron of Valdeolivos Emblematic Chair, of the Fernando el Catolico Institution, of the Centre of Scientific Research (C. S. I. C.) and of the Government of Zaragoza, «Emblemata», Volume 3rd, Emblemata Aragonese Magazine about Emblems (E. R. A. E.), 480 pages, 116 pictures, 2 maps, ISSN 1137-1056, Legal deposit Z.3.937 1996, printed by the Cooperativa de Artes Gráficas Librería General, Zaragoza, 1997.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Magazine and Castilian language.
Author: Cátedra de Emblemática Barón de Valdeolivos.
External link:
Emblemata; 1998
Baron of Valdeolivos Emblematic Chair, of the Fernando el Catolico Institution, of the Centre of Scientific Research (C. S. I. C.) and of the Government of Zaragoza, «Emblemata», Volume 4th, Emblemata Aragonese Magazine about Emblems (E. R. A. E.), 450 pages, 135 pictures, ISSN 1137-1056, Legal deposit Z.3.937 1996, printed by the Cooperativa de Artes Gráficas Librería General, Zaragoza, 1998.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Magazine and Castilian language.
The author is Cátedra de Emblemática Barón de Valdeolivos.
External resource:
Emblemata; 1999
Baron of Valdeolivos Emblematic Chair, of the Fernando el Catolico Institution, of the Centre of Scientific Research (C. S. I. C.) and of the Government of Zaragoza, «Emblemata», Volume 5th, Emblemata Aragonese Magazine about Emblems (E. R. A. E.), 484 pages, 124 pictures, ISSN 1137-1056, Legal deposit Z.3.937 1996, printed by the Cooperativa de Artes Gráficas Librería General, Zaragoza, 1999.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Magazine and Castilian language.
Author: Cátedra de Emblemática Barón de Valdeolivos.
External link:
Emblemata; 2000
Baron of Valdeolivos Emblematic Chair, of the Fernando el Catolico Institution, of the Centre of Scientific Research (C. S. I. C.) and of the Government of Zaragoza, «Emblemata», Volume 6th, Emblemata Aragonese Magazine about Emblems (E. R. A. E.), 419 pages, 124 pictures, ISSN 1137-1056, Legal deposit Z.3.937 1996, printed by the Cooperativa de Artes Gráficas Librería General, Zaragoza, 2000.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Magazine and Castilian language.
The author is Cátedra de Emblemática Barón de Valdeolivos.
External links:
Internal resources: Emblemata2000.Volumen06.pdf.
Ferrer i Vives, F.; 1995
Francesc d'A Ferrer i Vives, «Heraldica Catalana», 3 volumes, Volume I A-F, Volume II G-P, Volume III Q-Z, ISBN of the complete work 84-7304-204-2, Legal Deposit B.20.464 - april 1995, Editorial Milla, Carrer de Sant Pau 21, Barcelona, 1995.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Catalan language and In black and white.
Author: Ferrer i Vives, Francesc d'A.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
Internal resources: Paper book.
Fox-Davies, A. C.; 1909
Arthur Charles Fox-Davies of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, «A Complete Guide to Heraldry», author of «The Art of Heraldry», illustrated by nine plates in colour and nearly 800 other designs, mainly from drawings by Graham Johnston, Herald Painter to the Lyon Court, edited by T. C. & E. C. Jack, 16 Henrietta Street, W.C., and Edinburgh, editor of «Armorial Families», London, 1909.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles.
Internal resources: FoxDaviesACA1909.CompleteGuideToHeraldry.712pages.pdf in PDF format 712 pages, FoxDaviesACA1009.CompleteGuideToHeraldry.387pages.pdf in PDF format 387 pages, FoxDaviesACA1009.CompleteGuideToHeraldry.353pages.pdf in PDF format 353 pages and FoxDaviesACA1009.CompleteGuideToHeraldry.epub in ePub format.
García Carraffa, A.; García Carraffa, A.; 1968
Alberto García Carraffa y Arturo García Carraffa, with the colaboration of Armando de Fluviá y Escorsa, «El Solar Catalán, Valenciano y Balear», 4 volumes, Volume I Abad-Cebrián, 443 pages, Volume II Celma-Malda, 449 pages, Volume III Malendric-Quirant, 425 pages, Volume IV Rabasa-Zenarbe y apéndice, 516 pages, 1st edition, Heraldic Collection, edited by Librería Internacional, San Sebastián, 1968.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Castilian language and Black and white with color plates.
The 2 authors are García Carraffa, Alberto and García Carraffa, Arturo.
Here are the articles quoting this reference:
Internal resources: Paper book.
GDLC; 1998
Various authors, «Gran diccionari de la llengua catalana», known as GDLC, Enciclopèdia Catalana, Diccionaris de l’Enciclopèdia, ISBN 84-412-2790-X Barcelona, 1998.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Dictionary and Catalan language.
The author is Various authors.
The following article cites this bibliographic reference:
External resource:
González Echegaray, M. C.; 1969
Maria del Carmen González Echegaray, «Escudos de Cantabria», 5 volumes, Volume I Merindad de Trasmiera, 376 pages, Volume II, Asturias de Santillana I, 474 pages, Volume III, Asturias de Santillana II, 388 pages, Volume IV, Asturias de Santillana y Bajo Asón, 434 pages, y Volume V, Valle de Sobra, Ruesga, Pas, Liendo, Guriezo y Provincia de Liébana, 314 pages, Legal deposit: Vi. 514-1969, edited by Joaquin Bedia Cano, Santander, printed by H. Fournier, Vitoria, 1969.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Castilian language and In black and white.
The author is González Echegaray, Maria del Carmen..
External links:
- Centro de Estudios Montañeses, Volume I Merindad de Trasmiera.
- Centro de Estudios Montañeses, Volume II, Asturias de Santillana I.
- Centro de Estudios Montañeses, Volume III, Asturias de Santillana II.
- Centro de Estudios Montañeses, Volume IV, Asturias de Santillana y Bajo Ason.
- Centro de Estudios Montañeses, Volume V, Valle de Sobra, Ruesga, Pas, Liendo, Guriezo y Provincia de Liebana.
Internal resources: GonzalezEchegarayMC1969.11.EscudosCantabria, Volume I Merindad de Trasmiera, 34 Mbytes, GonzalezEchegarayMC1969.12.EscudosCantabria, Volume II, Asturias de Santillana I, 31 Mbytes, GonzalezEchegarayMC1969.13.EscudosCantabria, Volume III, Asturias de Santillana II, 26 Mbytes, GonzalezEchegarayMC1969.14.EscudosCantabria, Volume IV, Asturias de Santillana y Bajo Ason, 22 Mbytes and and GonzalezEchegarayMC1969.15.EscudosCantabria, Volume V, Valle de Sobra, Ruesga, Pas, Liendo, Guriezo y Provincia de Liebana, 18 Mbytes.
Guimera López, C.; 1987
Coriolano Guimera López, «El Conde de Mora y la Heráldica», Hidalguía Magazine, numbers 202 and 203, Ediciones Hidalguía, Madrid, 1987.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Guimera López, Coriolano.
External link:
Humphery-Smith, C.; 1983
Cecil Humphery-Smith, FHS - Fellow of The Heraldry Society, «Why three Leopards?», Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, issue 126, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, summer of 1983.
The coat of arms illustrating this bibliographic reference is that of the Kingdom of England, which was also that of the queen of Castile Leonor Plantagenet.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Humphery-Smith, Cecil.
External link:
Internal resources: HumpherySmithC1983.3Leopards.docx.
Martinena Ruiz, J. J.; 1982
Juan José Martinena Ruiz, «Book of Armory of the Kingdom of Navarra: Introduction, Study, and Notes», published by the Institución Príncipe de Viana, 350 pages, ISBN 84-235-0557-X, Pamplona, 1982.
Introduction, study, and notes on the armorial [Bosque, J. del; 1540]. On pages 122 and 123, the coats of arms of the «ricoshombres» of Navarra, or «twelve barons of the major houses» as they are also called, surrounding the king's coat of arms in this armorial are compiled and transcribed.
The coat of arms accompanying this bibliographic reference is that of Almorrabides de Navarra following Juan del Bosque.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Martinena Ruiz, Juan José.
Here are the articles quoting this reference:
External links:
Mayer, L. A.; 1933
Leo Aryeh Mayer, «Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey», published by the University of Oxford at the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1933.
The work provides a fully documented armorial roll of Saracenic sultans, princes, and knights, designed to meet the frequently expressed wish of students of Muslim archaeology. It is a fundamental reference work and remains as one of the most authoritative works on this subject.
Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1963
Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, «A Leónese Heraldic Embroidery: the Carbuncle in Medieval Coats of Arms», published in the journal Armas e Troféus, 2nd series, Volume IV, pages 5-19, Braga, 1963.
Article reissued and included, 36 years later, in his book [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1999; pages 47-66].
Also published later in the Revista Príncipe de Viana, ISSN 0032-8472, year number 68, issue number 241, dedicated to the tribute to Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, pages 403-412, Government of Navarra, Institución Príncipe de Viana, Pamplona, 2007.
[Martínez de Aguirre, J.; 2007; page 344 and following] provides a good analysis of the importance of this work both for Navarrese heraldry and specifically for its coat of arms, as well as for heraldry in general.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, Faustino.
The following articles cite this bibliographic reference:
External link:
Internal resources: MenendezPidalDeNavascuesF1963.BordadoHeraldicoLeonesCarbuncloEscudosMedievales.pdf.
Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1974
Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, «Book of Armory of the Kingdom of Navarra: Transcription and Study», published by La Gran Enciclopedia Vasca, 160 pages, ISBN 84-248-0119-9, Bilbao, 1974.
Transcription and study of the Navarrese manuscript armorial [Bosque, J. del; 1540], preserved in the General Archive of Navarra.
This book contains an introduction, the transcription of the armorial texts, its photographic reproduction, which also includes the Navarrese coats of arms of the Reyneck armorial and the coat of arms of the refectory of the Cathedral of Santa María la Real de Pamplona, an index of names, a heraldic table, and a set of appendices [Martínez de Aguirre, J.; 2007; page 351].
The coat of arms accompanying this bibliographic reference is that of Qasqante de Navarra following, precisely, the armorial of Juan del Bosque.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, Faustino.
The following articles cite this bibliographic reference:
External links:
Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1985
Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, «Rare and Ambiguous Charges of Spanish Heraldry», Revista Hidalguía, issue 190 and 191, Ediciones Hidalguía, Madrid, 1985.
The coat of arms with squares accompanying this bibliographic reference is that of Guebara de Navarra, an interpretation based on that by [Bosque, J. del; 1540]. I chose this coat of arms because Faustino Menéndez Pidal writes precisely about it and about the squares as a figure typical of Spanish heraldry, for example, he does so on pages 474 and 475 of this article.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, Faustino.
External link:
Internal resources: MenendezPidalDeNavascuesF1985.MueblesRarosHeraldicaEspañola.pdf.
Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1988
Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, «Spanish Heraldic Panorama: Epochs and Regions in the Medieval Period», paper presented at the I Seminar on Heraldry and Genealogy, organized by the Zurita Chair of the Institución Fernando el Católico, in Zaragoza, on December 14 and 15, 1984, published in I Seminar on Heraldry and Genealogy, publication number 1.138 of the Institución Fernando el Católico, pages 5-21, Zaragoza, 1988.
Also published later in the Revista Príncipe de Viana, ISSN 0032-8472, year number 68, issue number 241, dedicated to the tribute to Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, pages 533-553, Government of Navarra, Institución Príncipe de Viana, Pamplona, 2007.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, Faustino.
External resource:
Internal resources: MenendezPidalDeNavascuesF1988.PanoramaHeraldicoEspanolEpocasYRegionesEnElPeriodoMedieval.pdf.
Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1999
Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, «Lions and Castles: Heraldic Emblems in Spain», published by the Real Academia de la Historia, ISBN 9788489512399, 306 pages, Madrid, 1999.
This book also includes his article [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1963] which, based on the observation of a «Leonese embroidery» concludes about the carbuncle and the coat of arms of Navarra.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, Faustino.
The following article cites this bibliographic reference:
Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; Martínez de Aguirre, J.; 2000
Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués and Javier Martínez de Aguirre Aldaz, «The Coat of Arms of Navarra», published by the Government of Navarra, Department of Presidency, Justice, and Interior, ISBN 84-235-2016-1, 115 pages, Pamplona, 2000.
This is one of the many publications by Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués on the Navarrese armorial [Bosque, J. del; 1540]. Later, 7 years after, Javier Martínez de Aguirre Aldaz, co-author of this book, would publish an interesting article, [Martínez de Aguirre, J.; 2007], about Faustino Menéndez Pidal de Navascués as a researcher of Navarrese heraldry.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Authors: Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, Faustino and Martínez de Aguirre Aldaz, Javier.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
External resource:
Messía de la Cerda y Pita, L.; 1990
Luis Messía de la Cerda y Pita, «Heráldica española, el diseño heráldico», illustrated in color by Calusa y Tete Messia de la Cerda y Gabeiras, edited by Aldaba Ediciones SA Madrid, 1990.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Castilian language and Black and white and color illustrations.
Author: Messía de la Cerda y Pita, Luis.
Internal resources: Paper book.
Mogrobejo Zabala, E. de; 1991
Endika de Mogrobejo Zabala, «Blasones y Linajes de Euskalerria», 10 volumes, Volume I A-Alcerreca, Volume II Alciba-Angui, Volume III Angulo-Astu, Volume IV Astun-Bun, Volume V Busta-Elua, Volume VI Elus-Gorniz, Volume VII Gordu-Laca, Volume VIII Lacar-Merca, Volume IX Mere-Salez, Volume X Salinas-Z, edited by Editorial Amigos del Libro Vasco, printed by Grafo SA, ISBN of the complete work 84-7886-026-6, Legal Deposit BI-469-1991, Bilbao, 1991.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Black and white with color plates and Castilian language.
Author: Mogrobejo Zabala, Endika de.
Nieto y Cortadellas, R.; 1957a
Rafael Nieto y Cortadellas, «La Generala Santander y sus parientes habaneros los Pontón», 35 pages, 25 centimeters, about the family Sáenz del Pontón, National Archive of Cuba, reprinted edition by the National Archive Bulletin, volume LVI, 1957.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Castilian language.
The author is Nieto y Cortadellas, Rafael.
The following article cites this bibliographic reference:
External resources:
Parker, J.; 1970
James Parker, «A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry, a New Edition with one Thousand Illustrations», XXVIII and 660 pages with pictures, reprinted by F and W Media International Limited, formerly known as David and Charles Publishers, Exeter, Devon, 1970.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Dictionary and English language.
The author is Parker, James.
Here are the articles quoting this reference:
Parker, J.; 1971
James Parker, «A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry, a New Edition with one Thousand Illustrations», XXVIII and 660 pages with pictures, reprinted by Charles E. Tuttle Co., Rutland, Vermont, 1971.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Dictionary and English language.
The author is Parker, James.
Here are the articles quoting this reference:
Parker, J.; Gough, H.; 1966
James Parker, Henry Gough, «A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry, a New Edition with one Thousand Illustrations», XXVIII and 660 pages with pictures, reprinted by Gale Research Company, Detroit, 1966.
Reprints
This book is a reprint of [Parker, J.; 1894], it maintains the number of pages, I do not know what Henry Gough contributed as an author, in some places Henry Gough is the first author, in others he is named as the sole author, I write his name as 2nd author.
There are, at least, 2 addional paper reprints: [Parker, J.; 1970; David and Charles Publishers] and [Parker, J.; 1971; Charles E. Tuttle Co], and many digital versions.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Dictionary and English language.
Authors: Parker, James and Gough, Henry.
Here are the articles quoting this reference:
Parsons, R. J.; 1989
Robert John Parsons, heraldic painter at the College of Arms, «The Herald Painter», is an article derived from the lecture given by R. J. Parsons at The Heraldry Society on January 18, 1989, at the premises of «The Society of Antiquaries» at Burlington House, London, and later published in Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, issue 146, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, summer of 1989.
This article presents a historical review of the heraldic painters at the «College of Arms» and analyzes the creation of coats of arms and other objects like badges, flags, stained glass, seals, etc. It is especially interesting for its view of the current stage of heraldic art and, even more, the description of the author's own working method.
I highly recommend reading this article and, here, I present some of the ideas that I highlighted while studying this text by R. J. Parsons, who is «herald painter to Her Majesty's College of Arms».
Tradition and innovation in heraldic art
Creativity, innovation, and achieving a unique style are fundamental characteristics of any self-respecting artist, but when artists enter the realm of heraldry and, especially when working for institutions like the College of Arms, the weight of the norms and rules of heraldry, its long historical tradition, the reverential respect towards it, the language of blazon, the need for a long initiation process, etc. can cause artists to curb their natural impulses, become intimidated, and adhere strictly to rules to avoid criticism, which hinders the introduction of new proposals, ideas, and styles, risking making heraldry a static and time-bound field.
R. J. Parsons' working method
Robert Parsons explains that the first phase of his method is to create the complete drawing of the coat of arms and its ornamentation on tracing paper, starting with the coat of arms and then outlining all the external ornamentation.
He does this considering that the main problem he must solve is reconciling the two-dimensionality of the coat of arms with the three-dimensionality of the external ornamental elements, such as the supporters, mantling, crest, etc. which must be designed as if enveloping the coat of arms. The extent to which this is achieved provides an idea of each artist's skill.
Silhouettes, expressiveness, and balance
R. J. Parsons believes that the silhouettes of the figures probably characterize each artist and their designs the most. For him, each silhouette must be bold and express emotions, and the silhouettes must maintain proportions that give balance to the whole, as there are no rules that guarantee a good aesthetic result.
To achieve boldness and expressiveness in the figures, especially in natural ones, the artist must emphasize certain features and stylize others, resulting in, for example, in beasts and birds, representations that diverge from natural reality.
Shape of the coat of arms and space
All delineation must be done within the chosen mouth shape for the coat of arms. These shapes have evolved over time, and the artist must consider that some shapes facilitate the internal composition of the coat of arms more than others. For example, he highlights the difficulty of fitting the pieces and figures within lozenge-shaped shields, traditionally carried by unmarried women.
Regardless of the chosen shape, pieces and figures must be arranged to use the entire internal space correctly, neither too small to leave space nor too large to make the whole crowded.
External ornamentation
Robert J. Parsons observes that nowadays the protocol rules that used to govern external ornamentation have been greatly relaxed, for example, regarding the shapes, positions, and orientations of the helmets depending on who would be the holder of the coat of arms, and this relaxation has favored art, aesthetics, and the balance of the whole coat of arms.
He states that of all the external ornamentation, and many heraldic artists will agree with him, the most complex to create are the supporters and tenants, and of the three, the tenants, i.e., human figures, are the most difficult.
Human figures do not have a proper heraldic characterization as lions, unicorns, boars, etc., do. The characterization of women and men in heraldry is done through their attire and the objects they carry or accompany them, with ancient attire and objects being the easiest to characterize, while the more modern and, even more so, the more naked they are, the more difficult and challenging it becomes to create heraldically attractive tenants.
As a general rule, Parsons advises that the visual weight of supporters, tenants, and tenants be similar to that of the coat of arms, so that they neither draw all the observer's attention due to their excessive size nor look ridiculous and incapable of performing their function, which is to support the visual weight of the coat of arms.
Tinctures, shadows, edges, and highlights
When he finishes the drawing phase, R. J. Parsons explains how he transfers it to a new paper support and, then:
- he starts by applying the tinctures for the metals,
- the first he applies is gold using gold powder, although it is known that other artists use gold leaf,
- then the metal silver is left as the white of the paper,
- then he proceeds with the colors, using gouache, an opaque watercolor, following the order from light to dark,
- so the first color he applies is gules, which he tends to make somewhat translucent,
- then the mid-tones, azure and vert.
- ending with sable, which he makes warmer with a touch of burnt sienna,
- after applying the tinctures, he adds shadows to suggest forms, noting that some schools say everything should be in flat inks, without shadows or highlights, and even without delineated edges as can be seen, for example, in Norsk Heraldisk Forening,
- then he delineates the silhouettes and
- finishes by adding highlights to bring the composition to life.
The motto or slogan is the last element with which Robert John Parsons completes the creation of a coat of arms.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Parsons, Robert John.
External resource:
Internal resources: ParsonsRJ1989.TheHeraldPainter.docx.
Pastoureau, M.; Garvie, F.; 1997
Michel Pastoureau and Francisca Garvie, «Heraldry: Its Origins and Meaning», New Horizons collection, edited by Thames and Hudson, London, 1997.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Authors: Pastoureau, Michel and Garvie, Francisca.
Rabbow, A.; 1999
Arnold Rabbow, «The Origin of the Royal Arms of England - a European Connection», Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, número 186, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, verano de 1999.
This bibliographical reference is illustrated wit the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England interpreted by me with the with a semi-circle shape.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Rabbow, Arnold.
External link:
Internal resources: RabbowA1999.OriginRoyalArmsEnglandEuropeanConnection.docx.
Rowling, J. K.; 1997
J. K. Rowling, «Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone», London Bloomsbury, London, 1997.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Rowling, Joanne.
Scott-Giles, C. W.; 1965
Charles Wilfred Scott-Giles, OBE (Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire), Fitzalan Pursuivant Extraordinary, «Some Arthurian Coats of Arms», Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, issue 64 of October 1965 (which is the date I use as reference) and issue 65 of January 1966, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, October 1965.
The coat of arms illustrating this bibliographic reference is one of the variants described in this article attributed to King Arthur, which in Blason.es is cataloged as Arthur of Britain.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Scott-Giles, C. W..
External link:
Internal resources: ScottGilesCW1965.SomeArthurianCoA.docx.
Sevilla Gómez, A.; 2000
Antonio Sevilla Gómez, «Las paremias heroicas: la divisa, el lema y el mote», Paremia Magazine, number 9, pages 75 to 80, Madrid, 2000.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Sevilla Gómez, Antonio.
External resource:
Internal resources: SevillaGomezA2000.DivisaLemaMoteGritoGuerra.pdf.
Sánchez Albornoz, C.; 1965
Claudio Sánchez Albornoz, «La auténtica batalla de Clavijo», Cuadernos de Historia de España, number 9, Buenos Aires, 1948.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Sánchez Albornoz, C..
External link:
Vicente Cascante, I.; 1956
Vicente Cascante, Ignacio, «General Heraldry and Sources of the Arms of Spain», published by Salvat, 22 x 28 centimeters, spine in leather, gilt-stamped, illustrated with 345 engravings in black and color, 648 pages, Barcelona, 1956.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Vicente Cascante, Ignacio.
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Language
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Categories of heraldry
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Divisions of the field
- Without divisions
- Party per pale
- Party per fess
- Party per bend sinister
- Tierce
- Tierce sinister
- Tierced per bend
- Quarterly
- Quarterly per saltire
- Gyronny
- Party per fess, the chief per pale
- Party per pale, the sinister per fess
- Party per fess, the base per pale
- Party per pale, the dexter per fess
- Party per chevron
- Indented
- Enté en point
- Flanched
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Metals
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Colours
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Furs
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Other tinctures
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Ordinaries and sub-ordinaries
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Diminutives of the ordinaries
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Other charges
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Charges from Nature
Eagle, Two hands clasped, Lark, Tree, Rainbow, Trunk of a tree, Atom, Barbel, Acorn, Arm, Owl, Horse, Head, Thistle, Stag, Doe, Crescent, Increscent, Tail, Heart, Roe deer, Neck, Roe deers' attires, Raven, Dolphin, Diamond, Tooth, Elephant, Emerald, Starling, Mullet, Estoile, Male figure, Fleur de lis, Hop cone, Puffin, Ash, Paw, Goose, Seagull, Pomegranate, Sunflower, Falcon, Leaf, Flame, Boar, Barn owl, Lion, Lioness, Lion passant, Leopard, Lion rampant guardant, Lynx, Lily, Wolf, Hand, Apple, Martlet, Wing, Two wings in vol, Covert, Mount, Trimount, Wrist, Orbital, Bear, Palm tree, Poplar leaf, Paw, Peacock, Chest, Dog, Brach hound, Fish, Hoof, Quill, Cinquefoil, Quetzal, Branch, Oak, Rose, Double rose, Serpent, Sun in splendour, Ray of the sun, Stem, Wheat, Wheat spike, Bull, Tulip, Udder, Escallop and Fox.
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Artificial charges
Halberd, Plough share, Ace of spades, Cyclamor, Torch, Harp, Non-classic artifact, Crozier, Ship, Beret, Grenade, Ecclesiastical cap, Chain, Covered cup, Bell tower, Cannon dismounted, Carbuncle, Castle, Clarion, Nail, Cord, Dagger, Key ward, Turret, With a turret, Sword, Sabre, Scroll, Arrow, Garb, Gauntlet, Buckle, Spear, Spear's head, Letter, Book, Line, Key, Four crescents joined millsailwise, Hammer, Menorah, Number, Knot, Celtic Trinity knot, Parchment, Piano, Millstone, Millrind, Millwheel, Clay pot, Bridge, Hourglass, Chess rooks, Compass rose, Rosette of acanthus leaves, Mullet of six points pierced, Portcullis, Wheel, Wagon-wheel, Symbol, Sackbut, Drum, Tower, Trident, Double vajra and Anvil.
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Immaterial charges
Angel, Heart enflamed, Sacred Heart of Jesus, Paschal lamb, Dragon, Phoenix, Griffin, Winged hand, Pegasus, Saint George, Trinity, Triton, Golden fleece and Unicorn.
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External elements
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Heraldic creations
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References
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Formats
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Keywords on this page
Erect, Armed, Azure, Bibliography, Cheshire County, Crown, Crescent, Quarterly, De bibliotheca, Dictionary, In black and white, Black and white with color plates, Black and white and color illustrations, In fess, In pale, Sword, Fleur de lis, Gules, Langued, German language, Castilian language, Catalan language, French language, English language, Dutch language, Arab language, Leopard, Letter, Lineage, Martlet, Report, Nine, Ordered, Or, Pale, Poplar leaf, Party per pale, Millstone, Argent, Without divisions, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Navarre, Magazine, Oak, Sable, Century XX, Vert, Party per bend sinister, Three and One.