Edward II of England

First Prince of Wales from 1301 to 1307, King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 to 1327.

Gules, three lions, passant, guardant, in pale Or, armed and langued Azure.

Escudo de gules, tres leopardos en palo de oro, armados y lampasados de azur.

Coat of arms interpreted as follows: the mouth rounded; the field illuminated Gules; the figures illuminated in Or and Azure, outlined in Sable, and the third leopard slightly smaller; and the whole finished with a plastered effect.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, Or, Azure, Three, Leopard, Armed, Langued and In pale.

Style keywords: Rounded, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Gesso.

Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms, House of Plantagenet and Kingdom of England.

Bearer: Edward II of England.

Dimidiation~dimidiated vs impalement~impaled.

Blazons

• Azure, a lozenge Argent.
• Argent, a fleur de lis Azure.
• Dimidiated: 1 Azure, a lozenge Argent; 2 Argent, a fleur de lis Azure.
• Party per pale: 1 Azure, a lozenge Argent; 2 Argent, a fleur de lis Azure.

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Blazon keywords: Dimidiated, Party per pale, Azure, One, Lozenge, Argent and Fleur de lis.

Style keywords: Outlined in sable.

Classification: Schema and Coat of arms.

Baron of Valdeolivos Emblematic Chair, of the Fernando el Catolico Institution, of the Centre of Scientific Research (C. S. I. C.) and of the Government of Zaragoza, «Emblemata», Volume 7^th, Emblemata Aragonese Magazine about Emblems (E. R. A. E.), 496 pages, 199 pictures, ISSN 1137-1056, Legal deposit Z.3.937 1996, printed by the Cooperativa de Artes Gráficas Librería General, Zaragoza, 2001.

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Bibliographical reference of century XXI.

Classification: Magazine and Castilian language.

Author: Cátedra de Emblemática Barón de Valdeolivos.

External resources:

• Abstract in the Fernando el Catolico Institution.
• Index in the Fernando el Catolico Institution.

Internal resources: Emblemata2001.Volumen07.pdf.

Quarterly Azure and Gules; overall a leopard face, crowned Or, langued Gules, within a tressure flory Or.

TheHeraldrySociety.com was founded by John P. Brooke-Little, MA, FHS in 1947.

Its objetives are to increase and extend interest in and knowledge of heraldry, armory, chivalry, genealogy and allied subjects.

I am member of The Heraldry Society since 2014. As member, my coat of arms appears in their web site in the following address TheHeraldrySociety.com/membersarms/antoniosalmeron.htm.

Plain tincture and lights and shadows

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Categories: Institution, Interpreted, Socioeconomic, Pointed, Illuminated, Outlined in sable, Freehand, Coat of arms, Quarterly, Azure, Gules, Overall, Head, Leopard, Crowned, Or, Langued, Within, Tressure and Flory.

Escudo de gules, un carbunclo cerrado, pomelado de oro; cargado en el centro de una esmeralda en forma de losange de sinople.

Original coat of arms of Navarre interpreted with: a semicircular (round) base; the field in flat Gules; the pommetty carbuncle illuminated in Or and outlined in Sable; the emerald illuminated in Vert and also outlined in Sable; and the whole finished with a raised-stroke effect.

In the armorial [Urfé; Siglo XV; indexed on folio 151, but actually written on 142] the arms of Navarre are blazoned in French as «de gueles à l'escarboucle d'or pommelée alumée de sinoble en la moyenne en guise d'esmeraude», it only gives the blazon, since this armorial is not illustrated.

An image of the original French blazon text can be seen in the article Blazon of Navarre in the Urfé armorial.

The interpretation of the arms of Navarre shown here is based on the one illustrated in the armorial [Bosque, J. del; 1540; folio 1 of the 1613 numbering], which is its main plate, with the arms of the king of Navarre surrounded by the coats of arms of the lineages and manors of his «ricoshombres», twelve lineages in total.

In [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1963] one can consult his view on what is, probably, the real origin of the arms of Navarre, which he bases on:

• The existence of a defensive element of the shield called the boss, placed at its center. This element already existed in classical Rome, on the shields of the legionaries and, in addition, it could serve to keep small valuables inside.
• The later reinforcement of this boss with 8 spokes, that is, 4 diameters set vertically, horizontally, bendwise and bendwise sinister, giving rise to a radiated boss to strengthen the shield.
• This radiated boss on rich shields could be very elaborate and even be adorned with gems, thus becoming an ornamental element.
• The evolution of the radiated boss from a defensive and ornamental element to the so-called carbuncle, but now as a heraldic element with a radial structure. Originally the carbuncle was a mystical stone, comparable to the ruby, that emitted an intense light capable of illuminating the knight in the darkness of night. Heraldically the name carbuncle is used to denote a scheme of radial rays and not the marvellous stone that emitted them and from which it borrows its name.
• This eight-rayed carbuncle, joined at the ends forming a closure, like an orle, and decorated with pommels, on a field Gules, and with an emerald overall at its center is what constitutes the arms of Navarre.

Regarding the importance of the radiated boss and the carbuncle, not only in the arms of Navarre but in heraldry in general, [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1963] goes a step further when he writes «although it has never been pointed out, it seems evident to us the influence of this piece on the classic partitions of the shield, contained in the four diametral lines that compose it». He makes us see that «cortado, partido, tronchado y tajado» and, therefore also, «cuartelado, en sotuer y jironado», do not have their origin in the different ways of striking a shield with a sword, as illustrated, for example, in [Avilés, J.; 1725a; plate 18, illustrations 23, 24, 25 and 25], but in different ways of selecting, as delimiters, the four diameters of the carbuncle.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Carbuncle, Pommelled, Or, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Vert and Lozenge.

Style keywords: Freehand, Illuminated and Outlined in sable.

Classification: Interpreted, Civic and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Navarre.

Escudo de gules, un carbunclo cerrado, pomelado de oro; cargado en el centro de una esmeralda en forma de losange de sinople.

Coat of arms interpreted with: a semicircular (round) base; the field in flat Gules; the pommetty carbuncle and the emerald illuminated in Or and Vert, shaded and outlined in Sable; and the whole finished in lightly-hammered metal.

In addition to historical documents such as the armorials [Urfé; 15^th century] which blazons it and [Bosque, J. del; 1540] which illustrates it, there is, in the last half century, an abundant bibliography on the arms of Navarre, for example: [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1963], [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1974], [Martinena Ruiz, J. J.; 1982], [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 1999], [Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; Martínez de Aguirre, J.; 2000], [Martinena Ruiz, J. J.; Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, F.; 2001] and [Martínez de Aguirre, J.; 2007].

This pommetty shield can also be seen, for example, on the outer façade of the convent of Santo Domingo in Estella, on capitals preserved in the Cathedral of Tudela and on capitals of the church of Santa María la Real of Laguardia, the latter dating from the 14^th century.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Carbuncle, Pommelled, Or, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Vert and Lozenge.

Style keywords: Soft metal, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Shaded.

Classification: Interpreted, Civic and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Navarre.

Escudo de gules, un carbunclo cerrado, pomelado de oro; cargado en el centro de una esmeralda en forma de losange de sinople.

The armorial [Urfé; 15^th century] contains only blazons written in French and is not decorated with shields.

The image shows my interpretation of the arms and, beneath it, the blazon of the king of Navarre as follows «Le Roy de Navarre... de gueles à l'escarboucle d'or pommelée alumée de sinoble en la moyenne en guise d'esmeraude» which could be translated as «The King of Navarre... Gules, a carbuncle Or pommetty, illuminated Vert in the middle in the manner of an emerald».

Note that the blazon does not suggest the presence of an emerald, but that the place corresponding to the central boss of the shield, from which the rays of the carbuncle emerge, is enamelled Vert.

In the article Universitas Studiorum Navarrensis about the arms of the University of Navarre I interpret the arms of Navarre borne in profile by the Archangel Saint Michael, which, by my way of painting it, lies halfway between the carbuncle and the chains, with round chain links and long carbuncle rays, where at the centre there is no emerald, but a Vert enamel in the manner of an emerald.

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Carbuncle, Pommelled, Or, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald, Vert and Lozenge.

Style keywords: Soft metal, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Shaded.

Classification: Interpreted, Civic and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Navarre.

Gules, a chain orlewise, crosswise, and saltirewise Or, charged in the fess point with an emerald Vert.

Escudo gules, una cadena puesta en orla, en cruz y en sotuer de oro, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de sinople.

Coat of arms interpreted with: a semicircular (round) base; the field in flat Gules; the chains and the emerald illuminated in Or and Vert and outlined in Sable; and the whole executed with a raised-stroke finish.

This coat of arms, except for the emerald, corresponds to the blazon written in [Avilés, J.; 1780a; page 412 and figure 260] which says «Gules, a chain placed in orle, cross, and saltire Or, which some blazon differently», leaving me, as a reader, curious to know what that other way he refers to might be.

Then, [Avilés, J.; 1780a; pages 412–413] writes his version of the origin of the arms, saying that «...it was borne by Sancho VIII, called the Strong, and twenty-first King of Navarre, in the year 1212, for the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in Sierra Morena ...given to him by the King of Castile, Don Alfonso IX, whose aid he had joined...», which we would say Alfonso VIII of Castile, «the one of Las Navas».

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Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Chain, Orlewise, Crosswise, Saltirewise, Or, Charged, In the fess point, Emerald and Vert.

Style keywords: Freehand, Illuminated and Outlined in sable.

Classification: Interpreted, Civic and Coat of arms.

Bearer: Navarre.

Continue with: Navarra, emerald overall.