Wijnbergen, unknown authors, «Wijnbergen Armorial», currently located in The Hague and owned by the Royal Dutch Society of Genealogy and Heraldry, Île-de-France, 1265.
This armorial is called «Wijnbergen» because it was named after one of its early owners, and the names of its authors are unknown. I have retained this name in the key to this bibliographic reference for easier identification.
Among known manuscripts, it is the oldest armorial of French heraldry.
It is composed of 15 parts, although some authors divide it into 23, belonging to 2 different temporal stages of creation: a 1st stage from 1265 to 1270 and a 2nd stage, more difficult to date, from 1270 to 1285.
The armorial is written in French and contains a total of 1,312 coats of arms, of which 256 belong to the 1st stage and 1,056 to the 2nd stage.
Those of the 1st stage belong to the vassals of the Île-de-France under the reign of Luis IX de Francia, Saint Louis King of France.
Those of the 2nd stage, probably already under the reign of Felipe III de Francia, contain coats of arms from Normandy, Anjou and Poitou, Lorraine, Germany, Artois, Champagne, Vermandois, Brittany, Beauvais, Burgundy, Brabant, Hainaut (Belgium), Flanders, and finally, the coats of arms of 25 kings, mainly European.
Bibliographical reference of century XIII.
Author: Wijnbergen, Anonymous.
The following article cites this bibliographic reference:
External resources:
Party per fess: 1 Gules, five Swords Argent, erect, in fess; Vairy or and gules gules and or.
Escudo cortado: 1o de gules, cinco espadas de plata, alzadas, en faja; 2o verado de oro y gules.
There are 6 swords raised to defend the truth, symbolised by the vairy fur, and no matter how much time passes, they will be proud and erect until the truth triumphs.
Blazon keywords: Party per fess, Gules, Or, Argent, Five, Sword, Vairy, Point upwards and In fess.
Style keywords: Pointed, Illuminated, Outlined in sable and Watercolor.
Classification: Created, Personal and Coat of arms.
Bearer: Martos García, Juan Carlos.
Based on the stechhelm of John the Constant (Saxony, ca. 1500). The stechhelm is a kind of helm primarily used by mounted knights for tournaments, since 1400 to 1525.
The music is «Hot Swing» by Kevin MacLeod.
Credits: Kevin MacLeod es el autor de la música.
Blazon keywords: Helm.
Classification: Video.
Bearer: Martos García, Juan Carlos.
Index of the bearers of the coats of arms ordered alphabetically by name of the bearer:
~ A ~
~ B ~
~ C ~
~ D ~
~ E ~
~ F ~
~ G ~
~ H ~
~ I ~
~ J ~
~ K ~
~ L ~
~ M ~
~ N ~
~ O ~
~ P ~
~ Q ~
~ R ~
~ S ~
~ T ~
~ U ~
~ V ~
~ W ~
~ Y ~
Robert John Parsons, heraldic painter at the College of Arms, «The Herald Painter», is an article derived from the lecture given by R. J. Parsons at The Heraldry Society on January 18, 1989, at the premises of «The Society of Antiquaries» at Burlington House, London, and later published in Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, issue 146, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, summer of 1989.
This article presents a historical review of the heraldic painters at the «College of Arms» and analyzes the creation of coats of arms and other objects like badges, flags, stained glass, seals, etc. It is especially interesting for its view of the current stage of heraldic art and, even more, the description of the author's own working method.
I highly recommend reading this article and, here, I present some of the ideas that I highlighted while studying this text by R. J. Parsons, who is «herald painter to Her Majesty's College of Arms».
Creativity, innovation, and achieving a unique style are fundamental characteristics of any self-respecting artist, but when artists enter the realm of heraldry and, especially when working for institutions like the College of Arms, the weight of the norms and rules of heraldry, its long historical tradition, the reverential respect towards it, the language of blazon, the need for a long initiation process, etc. can cause artists to curb their natural impulses, become intimidated, and adhere strictly to rules to avoid criticism, which hinders the introduction of new proposals, ideas, and styles, risking making heraldry a static and time-bound field.
Robert Parsons explains that the first phase of his method is to create the complete drawing of the coat of arms and its ornamentation on tracing paper, starting with the coat of arms and then outlining all the external ornamentation.
He does this considering that the main problem he must solve is reconciling the two-dimensionality of the coat of arms with the three-dimensionality of the external ornamental elements, such as the supporters, mantling, crest, etc. which must be designed as if enveloping the coat of arms. The extent to which this is achieved provides an idea of each artist's skill.
R. J. Parsons believes that the silhouettes of the figures probably characterize each artist and their designs the most. For him, each silhouette must be bold and express emotions, and the silhouettes must maintain proportions that give balance to the whole, as there are no rules that guarantee a good aesthetic result.
To achieve boldness and expressiveness in the figures, especially in natural ones, the artist must emphasize certain features and stylize others, resulting in, for example, in beasts and birds, representations that diverge from natural reality.
All delineation must be done within the chosen mouth shape for the coat of arms. These shapes have evolved over time, and the artist must consider that some shapes facilitate the internal composition of the coat of arms more than others. For example, he highlights the difficulty of fitting the pieces and figures within lozenge-shaped shields, traditionally carried by unmarried women.
Regardless of the chosen shape, pieces and figures must be arranged to use the entire internal space correctly, neither too small to leave space nor too large to make the whole crowded.
Robert J. Parsons observes that nowadays the protocol rules that used to govern external ornamentation have been greatly relaxed, for example, regarding the shapes, positions, and orientations of the helmets depending on who would be the holder of the coat of arms, and this relaxation has favored art, aesthetics, and the balance of the whole coat of arms.
He states that of all the external ornamentation, and many heraldic artists will agree with him, the most complex to create are the supporters and tenants, and of the three, the tenants, i.e., human figures, are the most difficult.
Human figures do not have a proper heraldic characterization as lions, unicorns, boars, etc., do. The characterization of women and men in heraldry is done through their attire and the objects they carry or accompany them, with ancient attire and objects being the easiest to characterize, while the more modern and, even more so, the more naked they are, the more difficult and challenging it becomes to create heraldically attractive tenants.
As a general rule, Parsons advises that the visual weight of supporters, tenants, and tenants be similar to that of the coat of arms, so that they neither draw all the observer's attention due to their excessive size nor look ridiculous and incapable of performing their function, which is to support the visual weight of the coat of arms.
When he finishes the drawing phase, R. J. Parsons explains how he transfers it to a new paper support and, then:
The motto or slogan is the last element with which Robert John Parsons completes the creation of a coat of arms.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Parsons, Robert John.
External resource:
Internal resources: ParsonsRJ1989.TheHeraldPainter.docx.
Rafael Nieto y Cortadellas, «La Generala Santander y sus parientes habaneros los Pontón», 35 pages, 25 centimeters, about the family Sáenz del Pontón, National Archive of Cuba, reprinted edition by the National Archive Bulletin, volume LVI, 1957.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Classification: Castilian language.
The author is Nieto y Cortadellas, Rafael.
The following article cites this bibliographic reference:
External resources:
William Cecil Wade, «The symbolisms of heraldry or A treatise on the meanings and derivations of armorial bearings», 186 pages, 95 black and white pictures, Robert Holmes Collection, published by George Redway, London, 1898.
Although Romanticism sought the symbolism of the heraldic elements, I believe that the meaning of the elements of the coat of arms, if they have it, is provided by its creator or first bearer. In any case, the content of this symbolic book is the following:
Bibliographical reference of century XIX.
Classification: Symbolism, In black and white and English language.
The author is Wade, William Cecil.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
External link:
Internal resources: WadeWC1898.SymbolismsHeraldry.pdf.
Sigue por: Emblemata; 2002.
Eagle, Bald eagle, Eagle claw, Dorsal fin, Tail fin, Two hands clasped, Lark, Tree, Trunk, Rainbow, Atom, Barbel, Acorn, Arm, Owl, Horse, Head, Thistle, Kapok tree, Stag, Doe, Crescent, Increscent, Tail, Heart, Roe deer, Neck, Roe deers' attires, Raven, Dolphin, Diamond, Tooth, Elephant, Emerald, Starling, Mullet, Mullet of four points, Star of David, Estoile, Male figure, Fleur de lis, Hop cone, Puffin, Ash, Claw, Talons, Goose, Heron, Seagull, Pomegranate, Sunflower, Falcon, Leaf, Boar, Goldfinch, Laurel, Barn owl, Lion, Lioness, Lion passant, Leopard, Lion rampant guardant, Lynx, Lily, Flame, Wolf, She-wolf, Hand, Apple, Martlet, Wing, Two wings in vol, Covert, Mount, Trimount, Fly, Wrist, Olive tree, Orbital, Bear, Palm frond, Palm tree, Dove, Poplar leaf, Paw, Forepaw, Peacock, Chest, Pelican, Pelican in her piety, Dog, Brach hound, Fish, Hoof, Beak, Quill, Cinquefoil, Quetzal, Branch, Caboshed, Oak, Holm oak, Rose, Double rose, Serpent, Sun in splendour, Ray of the sun, Stem, Badger, Wheat, Wheat spike, Bull, Tulip, Udder, Escallop and Fox.
Halberd, Plough share, Ace of spades, Anchor, Cyclamor, Torch, Arch, Harp, Non-classic artifact, Crozier, Ship, Beret, Grenade, Ecclesiastical cap, Chain, Covered cup, Bell tower, Cannon dismounted, Carbuncle, Castle, Clarion, Nail, Cord, Dagger, Key ward, Turret, With a turret, Sword, Sabre, Scroll, Arrow, Garb, Gauntlet, Axe, Buckle, Spear, Spear's head, Letter, Book, Closed book, Open book, Page, Line, Key, Four crescents joined millsailwise, Hammer, Menorah, Number, Knot, Celtic Trinity knot, Parchment, Piano, Millstone, Millrind, Millwheel, Clay pot, Bridge, Hourglass, Chess rooks, Compass rose, Rosette of acanthus leaves, Mullet of six points pierced, Broken, Portcullis, Wheel, Wagon-wheel, Symbol, Sackbut, Drum, Tower, Trident, Trumpet, Double vajra and Anvil.
Angel, Heart enflamed, Sacred Heart of Jesus, Paschal lamb, Dragon, Wyvern, Phoenix, Garuda, Griffin, Sea-griffin, Winged hand, Our Lady of Mercy, Pegasus, Saint George, Trinity, Triton, Golden fleece, Unicorn and Ouroboros.
Watercolor, Point upwards, Pointed, Azure, Bibliography, Five, Party per fess, Created, Outlined in sable, In black and white, In fess, Coat of arms, Sword, Fleur de lis, Personal, Gules, Illuminated, Castilian language, English language, Martos García, Juan Carlos, Or, Argent, Without divisions, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of England, Magazine, Semé, Century XIII, Century XIX, Century XX, Century XXI, Symbolism, Vairy, Video, Helm and Index.
Dr. Antonio Salmerón y Cabañas,
,
Paseo de la Castellana 135,
7th floor,
28046 Madrid, Spain.