José Antonio Martín Fuertes, Universidad de León, «El Signum Regís en el Reino de León (1157-1230), Notas Sobre su Simbolismo (I)», Revista Argutorio, 4th year, number 9, pages 15 to 19, Cultural Magazine edited by the Monte Irago Cultural Association, Astorga, 2nd half of 2002.
Bibliographical reference of century XXI.
Author: Martín Fuertes, José Antonio.
External links:
Internal resources: MartinFuertesJA2002SignumRegis.pdf.
Antonio Sevilla Gómez, «Las paremias heroicas: la divisa, el lema y el mote», Paremia Magazine, number 9, pages 75 to 80, Madrid, 2000.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Sevilla Gómez, Antonio.
External link:
Internal resources: SevillaGomezA2000.DivisaLemaMoteGritoGuerra.pdf.
Arnold Rabbow, «The Origin of the Royal Arms of England - a European Connection», Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, número 186, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, verano de 1999.
This bibliographical reference is illustrated wit the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England interpreted by me with the with a semi-circle shape.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
Author: Rabbow, Arnold.
External resource:
Internal resources: RabbowA1999.OriginRoyalArmsEnglandEuropeanConnection.docx.
José de Avilés e Iturbide, Marquis of Aviles, member of the Supreme Council of War, «Ciencia heroyca, reducida a las leyes heráldicas del blasón: Ilustrada con exemplares de todas las piezas, figuras y ornamentos de que puede componerse un escudo de armas interior y exteriormente, Volume I», dedicated to Juan Bautista de Orendyn of His Majesty's Council, printed by Juan Piferrer of the Ángel's Square, 530 pages, Barcelona, 1725.
[Avilés, J.; 1780a] is a later edition of this Volume I.
Bibliographical reference of century XVIII.
Classification: In black and white and Castilian language.
The author is Avilés e Iturbide, José.
Bibliographic reference mentioned in the following articles:
External resources:
Internal resources: AvilesJ1725.Tomo.I.pdf.
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José de Avilés e Iturbide, Marquis of Aviles, member of the Supreme Council of War, «Ciencia heroyca, reducida a las leyes heráldicas del blasón: Ilustrada con exemplares de todas las piezas, figuras y ornamentos de que puede componerse un escudo de armas interior y exteriormente, Volume II», dedicated to Juan Bautista de Orendyn (Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta) of His Majesty's Council, printed by Juan Piferrer of the Ángel's Square, 404 pages, Barcelona, 1725.
[Avilés, J.; 1780b] is a later edition of this Volume I.
Bibliographical reference of century XVIII.
Classification: In black and white and Castilian language.
The author is Avilés e Iturbide, José.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
External links:
Internal resources: AvilesJ1725.Tomo.II.pdf.
As far as possible, in Blason.es I use the heraldic laws of the coat of arms by Jose de Aviles and Iturbide, marquis of Aviles, in his books in 2 volumes [Avilés, J.; 1725a] and [Avilés, J.; 1725b].
But in some cases, for example: a) when I do not find the criteria in these volumes and I have to consult other authors to whom I refer in the bibliography or b) when the doubt is not so much heraldic as of style, artistic technique, historical, linguistic, etc. After studying the case, I then establish my own criteria or I choose the one that seems to me the best reasoned of other authors and heralds and I leave it here written.
Naturally, I am open and grateful to all possible criticisms to these heraldic criteria, that can be sent to , and to review these criteria always with a spirit of improvement.
~ I ~
Sigue por: Pastoureau, M.; 1997.
Eagle, Two hands clasped, Tree, Rainbow, Trunk of a tree, Atom, Barbel, Acorn, Arm, Owl, Horse, Head, Thistle, Stag, Crescent, Increscent, Tail, Heart, Roe deer, Neck, Roe deers' attires, Raven, Dolphin, Tooth, Elephant, Starling, Mullet, Estoile, Male figure, Fleur de lis, Hop cone, Puffin, Ash, Paw, Seagull, Pomegranate, Falcon, Flame, Boar, Barn owl, Lion, Lioness, Lion passant, Leopard, Lion rampant guardant, Lynx, Lily, Wolf, Hand, Apple, Martlet, Wing, Two wings in vol, Covert, Mount, Trimount, Orbital, Bear, Palm tree, Poplar leaf, Paw, Peacock, Chest, Fish, Hoof, Quill, Cinquefoil, Oak, Rose, Double rose, Serpent, Sun in splendour, Ray of the sun, Wheat, Wheat spike, Bull, Tulip, Udder, Escallop and Fox.
Halberd, Plough share, Ace of spades, Cyclamor, Torch, Harp, Non-classic artifact, Ship, Beret, Grenade, Ecclesiastical cap, Covered cup, Bell tower, Cannon dismounted, Carbuncle, Castle, Clarion, Nail, Cord, Dagger, Turret, With a turret, Sword, Sabre, Scroll, Arrow, Garb, Gauntlet, Buckle, Spear, Spear's head, Letter, Book, Line, Key, Four crescents joined millsailwise, Hammer, Menorah, Number, Knot, Celtic Trinity knot, Piano, Millstone, Millrind, Millwheel, Bridge, Hourglass, Chess rooks, Compass rose, Rosette of acanthus leaves, Mullet of six points pierced, Portcullis, Wheel, Wagon-wheel, Symbol, Sackbut, Drum, Tower, Trident, Double vajra and Anvil.
Angel, Heart enflamed, Paschal lamb, Dragon, Phoenix, Griffin, Winged hand, Saint George, Trinity, Triton, Golden fleece and Unicorn.
Armed, Azure, Bibliography, Quarterly, In black and white, In pale, Schema, Gules, Langued, Legal notice, Castilian language, Leopard, Or, Party per pale, Without divisions, Privacy policy, Century XVIII, Century XX, Century XXI, Three and Index.
Dr. Antonio Salmerón y Cabañas,
,
Paseo de la Castellana 135,
7th floor,
28046 Madrid, Spain.