Martín Fuertes, J. A.; 2002
José Antonio Martín Fuertes, Universidad de León, «El Signum Regís en el Reino de León (1157-1230), Notas Sobre su Simbolismo (I)», Revista Argutorio, 4th year, number 9, pages 15 to 19, Cultural Magazine edited by the Monte Irago Cultural Association, Astorga, 2nd half of 2002.
Bibliographical reference of century XXI.
The author is Martín Fuertes, José Antonio.
The following articles cite this bibliographic reference:
External links:
Internal resources: MartinFuertesJA2002.SignumRegis.pdf.
Sevilla Gómez, A.; 2000
Antonio Sevilla Gómez, «Las paremias heroicas: la divisa, el lema y el mote», Paremia Magazine, number 9, pages 75 to 80, Madrid, 2000.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Sevilla Gómez, Antonio.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
External resource:
Internal resources: SevillaGomezA2000.DivisaLemaMoteGritoGuerra.pdf.
Henry II of England
Henry II Plantagenet, King of England, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Count of Nantes.
Gules, a lion rampant Or.
Escudo de gules, un león rampante de oro.
Existing arms interpreted by me as follows: the shield's shape is pointed; the field has been enamelled in flat Gules; the lion in Or has been outlined in Sable; and the whole composition has a rough texture finish.
It is believed that Henry I was the first King of England to have a coat of arms, featuring a single lion rampant, but no documentary evidence has yet been found [Rabbow, A.; 1999; paragraph 8].
[Ailes, A.; 1982; page 62] argues that Henry II may have used three different versions of his arms featuring a) a single lion rampant, b) two leopards, and c) three leopards. However, it remains unclear whether these versions were used sequentially over time or concurrently. For this interpretation, I have chosen the version with the lion rampant.
Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Lion, Or and Rampant.
Style keywords: Pointed, Plain tincture, Outlined in sable and Rough.
Classification: Interpreted, Coat of arms, Personal, House of Plantagenet and Kingdom of England.
Bearer: Henry II of England.
Ailes, A.; 1982
Adrian Ailes, «The Origins of the Royal Arms of England: Their Development to 1199», foreword by Rodney Dennys, includes 27 black and white illustrations, Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, Reading University, 126 pages, ISBN 07-049077-6-3, Reading, Berkshire, 1982.
An article reviewing this book is: Brigitte Bedos Rezak, Archives nationales de Paris and Metropolitan Museum of Art, «The Origins of the Royal Arms of England, their Development to 1199 by Adrian Ailes», Speculum, volume 60, number 2, pages 373-376, Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, April of 1985.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Ailes, Adrian.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
External resource:
Rabbow, A.; 1999
Arnold Rabbow, «The Origin of the Royal Arms of England - a European Connection», Coat of Arms, COA, An Heraldic Quarterly Magazine, número 186, The Heraldry Society, Baldock, Hertfordshire, verano de 1999.
This bibliographical reference is illustrated wit the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England interpreted by me with the with a semi-circle shape.
Bibliographical reference of century XX.
The author is Rabbow, Arnold.
Bibliographical reference mentioned in the following article:
External link:
Internal resources: RabbowA1999.OriginRoyalArmsEnglandEuropeanConnection.docx.
Leonor de Aquitania
Duchess of Aquitaine, Queen Consort of France (1137-1152), and Queen Consort of England (1154-1189).
Gules, a lion passant, guardant Or.
Escudo de gules, un leopardo de oro.
Existing arms interpreted by me as follows: the escutcheon's shape is pointed; the field has been enamelled in flat Gules; the leopard in Or is outlined in Sable; and the whole composition has a rough texture finish.
I have blazoned it as a leopard, which is the term used for a lion when passant, [Avilés, J.; 1725a; pages 290 and 295] and [Avilés, J.; 1780a; pages 325 and 330] «a lion, whose natural position is rampant;... unlike the leopard, which is... always passant» and «leopards have... their heads facing forward, showing both eyes,... lions are... in profile, revealing only one eye... Their posture is never rampant, like the lion’s, but always passant;... if leopards are ever depicted rampant, they are blazoned as ‘leopard-lions’,... and likewise, lions that are passant are blazoned as ‘lion-leopards’.».
For this interpretation of Eleanor’s coat of arms, I have followed [Edward IV of England; 1461; shield 18], where a leopard Or appears, but neither armed nor langued in Azure, representing the Duchy of Aquitaine.
Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Leopard and Or.
Style keywords: Pointed, Plain tincture, Outlined in sable and Rough.
Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Coat of arms, Duchy of Aquitaine, Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England.
Bearer: Leonor de Aquitania.
Leonor de Aquitania y Enrique de Inglaterra
![[ Gules, a lion rampant Or, ] accolé with [ Gules, a lion passant, guardant Or ].](../escudo_heraldico/_detalle.htm?img=LeonorA.22.EnriqueII.jpg&cla=Amplio "Leonor de Aquitania y Enrique de Inglaterra")
[ Gules, a lion rampant Or, ] accolé with [ Gules, a lion passant, guardant Or ].
[ Escudo de gules, un león rampante de oro, ] acolado de un [ escudo de gules, un leopardo de oro].
Existing arms interpreted by me as follows: both coat of arms are rotated ±30o; their shapes are pointed; the field of each coat of arms has been enamelled in flat Gules; the lion and the leopard in Or are outlined in Sable; and the whole composition of both arms has a rough texture finish.
Examples of accolated coat of arms (written as «accolé» in the 18th century) can be seen in [Avilés, J.; 1780a; pages 24 and 25 and plate 1: figures 1 and 2].
Blazon keywords: Without divisions, Gules, One, Lion, Or, Rampant and Leopard.
Style keywords: Pointed, Plain tincture, Outlined in sable, Tilted shield and Metal beaten.
Classification: Interpreted, Personal, Accolé arms, Duchy of Aquitaine, Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England.
Bearer: Leonor de Aquitania.
Sigue por: Leonor de Aquitania, escudo redondeado.
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Language
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Categories of heraldry
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Divisions of the field
- Without divisions
- Party per pale
- Party per fess
- Party per bend sinister
- Tierce
- Tierce sinister
- Tierced per bend
- Tierced pallwise inverted
- Quarterly
- Quarterly per saltire
- Gyronny
- Party per fess, the chief per pale
- Party per pale, the sinister per fess
- Party per fess, the base per pale
- Party per pale, the dexter per fess
- Party per chevron
- Enté en point
- Flanched
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Metals
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Colours
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Furs
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Other tinctures
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Ordinaries and sub-ordinaries
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Diminutives of the ordinaries
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Other charges
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Charges from Nature
Water, Eagle, Bald eagle, Eagle claw, Dorsal fin, Tail fin, Two hands clasped, Lark, Tree, Trunk, Rainbow, Atom, Barbel, Acorn, Bighorn sheep, Arm, Owl, Vulture, Horse, Head, Camellia, Thistle, Merino ram, Kapok tree, Stag, Doe, Crescent, Increscent, Tail, Tail addorsed, Ermine spot, Hummingbird, Heart, Roe deer, Neck, Roe deers' attires, Raven, Dolphin, Diamond, Tooth, Elephant, Emerald, Starling, Mullet, Mullet of four points, Star of David, Estoile, Male figure, Fleur de lis, Lotus flower, Hop cone, Puffin, Ash, Rooster, Claw, Talon, Goose, Heron, Seagull, Pomegranate, Sunflower, Falcon, Leaf, Boar, Goldfinch, Laurel, Barn owl, Lion, Lioness, Lion passant, Leopard, Lion rampant guardant, Lynx, Lily, Flame, Wolf, She-wolf, Moon, Bluebonnet, Hand, Apple, Apple tree, Martlet, Wing, Two wings in vol, Covert, Mount, Trimount, Fly, Wrist, Elm, Olive tree, Orbital, Bear, Palm frond, Palm tree, Dove, Poplar leaf, Jaguar, Paw, Forepaw, Peacock, Chest, Pelican, Pelican in her piety, Dog, Brach hound, Fish, Hoof, Beak, Quill, Cinquefoil, Quetzal, Branch, Sprig, Shamrock, Caboshed, Oak, Holm oak, Rose, Double rose, Savage, Serpent, Sun in splendour, Ray of the sun, Stem, Badger, Tyger, Wheat, Wheat spike, Bull, Tulip, Udder, Escallop and Fox.
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Artificial charges
Halberd, Plough share, Ace of spades, Anchor, Cyclamor, Torch, Arch, Harp, Non-classic artifact, Winnowing fan, Crozier, Pair of scales, Ship, Beret, Grenade, Ecclesiastical cap, Arm vambraced, Chain, Covered cup, Bell, Bell tower, Cannon dismounted, Carbuncle, Castle, Clarion, Nail, Cord, Dagger, Key ward, Turret, With a turret, Armillary sphere, Sword, Sabre, Parchment, Scroll, Arrow, Club, Garb, Gauntlet, Axe, Buckle, Polish winged hussar, Church, Oil lamp, Spear, Spear's head, Fleam, Letter, Book, Closed book, Open book, Bookmark, Page, Line, Key, Four crescents joined millsailwise, Hammer, Menorah, Mortar, Pestle, Number, Knot, Celtic Trinity knot, Water-bouget, Comb, Piano, Millstone, Millrind, Millwheel, Clay pot, Bridge, Cuffed, Hourglass, Chess rooks, Compass rose, Rosette of acanthus leaves, Mullet of six points pierced, Broken, Portcullis, Wheel, Wagon-wheel, Symbol, Sackbut, Drum, Tower, Trident, Trumpet, Double vajra and Anvil.
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Immaterial charges
Angel, Heart enflamed, Sacred Heart of Jesus, Paschal lamb, Dragon, Wyvern, Phoenix, Garuda, Griffin, Sea-griffin, Winged hand, Our Lady of Mercy, Pegasus, Saint George, Mermaid, Trinity, Triton, Golden fleece, Unicorn and Ouroboros.
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External elements
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Heraldic creations
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References
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Formats
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Keywords on this page
Pointed, Armed, Azure, Bibliography, House of Plantagenet, Outlined in sable, Duchy of Aquitaine, In pale, Coat of arms, Accolé arms, Personal, Gules, Henry II of England, Illuminated, Interpreted, Langued, Leonor de Aquitania, Leopard, Lion, Marmoreal, Metal beaten, Or, Without divisions, Rampant, Rounded, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of England, Tilted shield, Rough, Century XX, Century XXI, Plain tincture, Three and One.